UNDERSTANDI

NG
TH
E
SELF
HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
HETEROSEXUAL
BEHAVIOR
INVOLVES MALE WITH FEMALE
SOLITARY BEHAVIOR
• The main objective of
this behavior is to satisfy
oneself through self
masturbation or self
stimulation
• Generally beginning at
or before puberty
• Is common among
individuals who are
deprived of sociosexual
opportunities
HOMOSEXUAL
BEHAVIOR
INVOLVES MALE WITH MALE
OR FEMALE WITH FEMALE
SOCIOSEXUAL
BEHAVIOR
• Heterosexual behavior
comprises the mainstream
of sociosexual behavior
• Begins at childhood stage
where an individual
becomes too curios to the
point of showing or
examining his or her
genitals
• Consider the urge for
sexual arousal to occur,
physical contact usually
 PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECT
OF HUMAN SEXUAL
BEHAVIOR
• In a 1966 study two researchers namely Masters and Johnsons took the
investigation on sexual behavior a step further by physically observing
participants having intercourse and/or masturbate as uncomfortable to
imagine as it may seem the study was considered significant as it
resulted to the development of the sexual response cycle, a series of
four physiological phases that both men and women go through during
intercourse.
SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
EXCITEMENT PHASE
1. An increase in heart rate and blood pressure
2. Increase in blood supply to the surface of the body causing an increased
temperature
3. Blushing
4. Enlargement of all distensible body parts
5. More rapid breathing
6. The secretion of genital fluids
7. Vaginal expansion
8. A general increase in muscle tension (usually marked by the erection of
the penis or clitoris and lubrication and expansion of vaginal canal)
PLATEAU PHASE
• Typically lasts for a short period of time at this stage, women
experience further swelling of the vagina and increased blood flow to
the labia minora, while men experience full erection often
accompanied by pre-ejaculatory fluids
 THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
• SEX – refers to the physiological differences between male and female, and intersex bodies. Variation
between male and female may involve ambiguity and/or combinations of chromosomes
• INTERSEX- defined as person born with a combination of male and female biological characteristics, such as
chromosomes or genitals

• In addition most common XX and XY chromosomal sexes, there are several other possible combinations
commonly known as INTERSEX:
• TURNER SYNDROME (XO)
• TRIPLE X SYNDROME (XXX)
• KLINEFELTER SYNDROME (XXY)
• DE LA CHAPELLE SYNDROME (XX male)
• SWYER SYNDROME (XY female)
 THE BIOLOGY OF HUMAN
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
• A persons sex includes both Primary sex characteristics and Secondary sex characteristics.

• Biological sex is determined by doctors at birth in adherence to the five factors:

1. The presence or absence of a Y chromosome
2. The type of gonads
3. The sex hormones
4. The internal reproductive anatomy
5. The external genitalia
THE BRAIN AND SEX
• BRAIN- is the structure that translates the nerve impulses from the skin
into pleasurable sensations. It controls nerves and muscles used during
sexual behavior.
• CEREBRAL CORTEX- is the outer layer of the brain that allows thinking and
reasoning. Origin of sexual thoughts and fantasies.
• LIMBIC SYSTEM- consists of the amygdala hippocampus, cingulate gyrus
and septal area. It is where emotions and feelings are believed to originate
• HYPOTHALAMUS- the most important part of the brain for sexual
functioning. Consists of several groups of nerve cell bodies that receives
input from the limbic system.
• PITUITARY GLAND- responsible for the secretion of the hormones that are
produced by the hypothalamus. Several important sexual hormones are
secreted by the pituitary gland.
• OXYTOCIN- also known as the “hormone of love” is released during sexual
intercourse when orgasm is achieved.
OUSAL
RDER
AL DESIRE COMMON SEXUAL
TO
OLVES
KESBEPLACE
KNOWN AS THERE IS
WHEN DYSFUNCTIONS
NCE
POTENCE
BIDO,OFOFTEN
IN MEN.
CED
MAL
BY A WITH
SEXUAL
LACK OR ABSENCE OF
4
Sexual issues or sexual disorders are influenced by many factors
AL ACTIVITY OR OF SEXUAL that are biological, emotional and sociocultural in nature
NIFEST
ON TO AND 3 • HUMAN SEXUALITY- refers to people’s sexual interest in and
TACT WITH A
2 attraction to others
• SEXUAL PROBLEMS- the various ways in which an individual is
W OR NO SEXUAL DESIRE
TIAL
SE IN
GIN
OR
ECTION
EN
COMPLETE OF
PRODUCTION
OR LACK
AND TESTOSTERONE
1 unable to participate in a sexual relationship as he or she
would wish
• SEXUAL DISORDERS- disturbances in sexual desire and psycho-
D PLEASURE physiological changes that characterize the sexual response
cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty
ANCE
SEXUAL PROBLEMS are often categorized in one of four ways
ION 1. Desire disorders
RESSION
2. Arousal disorders
3. Orgasmic disorders
4. Sexual pain disorders
 CAUSES OF SEXUAL
EMOTIONAL FACTORSDISORDERS
– includes interpersonal or psychological problems
which can result to depression, anxiety, past sexual trauma, sexual fears or
guilt

PHYSICAL FACTORS – include the use of drugs, such as alcohol, nicotine,

narcotics, stimulants, anti-hypertentives, antihistamines, and some
psychotherapeutic drugs. Other factors include back injuries, enlarged
prostate glands, problems with blood supply, and nerve damage.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
BACTERIAL
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTEDDISEASES
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
VIRAL SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
(STI)
DISEASES also known as SEXUALLY
• CHLAMYDIA
TRANSMITTED – causedare
by terms
the bacterium chlamydia
thattrachomatis it can cause
• HIV(HUMANDISEASES
IMMUNODEFICIENCY for aVIRUS)
disease
– which is ends
passed
upfrom an
pain
already during person
infected urination, itching
during around sexual organs of a person and a
sex.
causing AIDS a problem that results in immune system
problem called pelvic inflammatory disease in women which can lead to
compromise
infertility. causes destruction of white blood cells known as
STD’s areTtransmitted
CD4+ cells through a wide variety of ways, including oral
• GONORRHEA – caused by the bacterium neisseria gonorrhoeae it can also
sex, vaginal sex andpain
cause burning analinsex. Some also
urination, of thesecausesdiseases is transmitted
colorful discharge by
from the
coming
• GENITALintoinHERPES
penis contact
men, alsowith blood
cause
– causes the that inis the
testicles
sores deluged with
to genital
become the
very
area infectious
painful and it can also
agent lead to infertility in women.
• SYPHILIS
• HUMAN – caused by the bacterium
PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) – treponema
causes warts pallidum causes painless
and cervical
sore, called a chancre, most likely it disappears inside the body for decades
cancer the second mot common cancer in women
with out any symptoms but when it reappears it ends up causing blindness,
difficulty in walking, dementia and eventually death
 REDUCING THE RISK FOR
STD’S
• ABSTINENCE – withdrawing from sex, whether a personal
choice or other reasons.
• MUTUAL MONOGAMY – a process where both you and your
sexual partner agree to be sexually active only to one another.
• REDUCING SEXUAL PARTNERS – although not as effective, is
to simply reduce the number of sexual partners you have.
• CONDOMS – use the condom from the very start of sex to the
very end.
• VACCINATIONS – vaccinate yourself against STD’s that have
vaccines.
 NATURAL METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTION
Natural family planning (NFP) takes into consideration the natural
changes in the physical body of a woman to identify when she is
fertile and could become pregnant. This is also known as the Fertility
Based awareness method.

It is possible to identify when a woman is in the safe period and when

she is in the unsafe period

There are 3 major classifications of natural family planning methods.

 PERIODIC ABSTINENCE
CALENDAR
BASAL
• ThereBODY
CERVICAL OR
MUCUS METHODS
Approximate day of
are two instances, 1)METHOD
TEMPERATURE
RHYTHM
METHOD METHOD
menstrual cycle
How to identify
At the onset of the dry days and 2)From the
Intercourse allowed?

• Also1-known
evening as theday
of fourth
5: DAYS MENSTRUATIONbillings
after method,
the peak recognizes
day, up to the
BLEEDING andbeginning
interprets
NO of the
the next
•• This
Known method
changes toinbe
6-9:
menstruation. focuses
the
cervical
DRY most
DAYS onwidely
mucus theandslight
used increase
periodic
sensations
ABSENCE OF inofabstinence
CERVICAL body
the temperature
vagina
ON technique
as a resultofofa
ALTERNATE
•• woman
Is an approach
at rest by
based
about on 0.3-0.5
calculation
There is about 97% effectiveness if during
the changes in the estrogen levelsMUCUS
degree using
women Celsius
previous
the during
menstrual
usemenstrual
the CMM and
NIGHTS after
ONLY
cycle
method cycles to
• ovulation
predict
This 10:
the
method
correctly.
FERTILE
brought
first
is DAYbylast
and
also andan ONSETday
increased
fertile
ovulation OF STICKY
level
in
method
SECRETIONS
MUCUS
future
of progesterone
menstrual
used by women NO
cycles.
secreted
trying by
to get
• the
A woman
corpusand
pregnant has
luteum.
a regular
have a menstrual cycle when monthly bleeding
child.
16: PEAK FERTILE DAY LAST DAY ON WHICH SLIPPERY NO
• When
happens
It was this every
rise in
discussed month
body or
earlier temperature
28MUCUS
that days
the rise takes
in theplace
IS OBSERVED for three
estrogen levelsconsecutive
can result to
• days,
On the
the 20:thecontrary
cervical ovulation
FERTILE glans antoENDS
PERIOD irregular
has occurred
secrete menstrual
mucus
EVENING OF THE cycle
during
FOURTH is when
ovulation
DAY monthly
that
AFTER bleeding
changes
FERTILE from
• This method
changes from is 98%
month effective
to
sensation of dryness in the vagina month.AFTER THE PEAK DAY
whento used correctlyof PERIOD
a sensation wetnessENDSin the
•• To
Themake
vulva 21-29:
calendar SAFE
it more PERIOD
effective
method FROM
the
is 95% END OF FERTILE
couple
effective must
when
UNTIL ONSET OF BLEEDING
PERIOD
limit
used YES sexual
unprotected
correctly
intercourse up to the period after ovulation
 LACTATIONAL AMENORRHOEA
METHOD
• Lactation means breastfeeding and amenorrhoea means not
having the monthly period.
• Breastfeeding causes a delay in ovulation because of the
prolactin hormone. Inhibits the secretion of follicle stimulating
hormone and lutenizing hormone and as a result ovulation does
not occur.
• To be fully effective the following three conditions must be met
• 1) The women’s menstrual period must have not returned
• 2) The baby must exclusively and frequently breastfeed, day and
night. Exclusive breastfeed means that the infant receives no
food or liquid other than breastmilk.
• 3) the baby must be less than 6 months.
• There is a 98% to 99% of effectiveness for Lactation
Amenorrhoea Method (LAM)
COITUS INTERRUPTUS OR WITHDRAWAL
METHOD
• Coitus Interrupts or Withdrawal Method This is a traditional
method of contraception where the man withdraws or pulls
out his penis from his partners vagina and ejaculates outside,
keeping his semen away from her genitalia.
• Basically, coitus interruptus prevents fertilization by
discontinuing contact between the spermatozoa in the sperm
and the ovum or egg.
• The coitus interruptus is the least effective method as it
depends on the man’s capability to withdraw before
ejaculation with about 73% effectively rate when use correctly.
 SYMPTOTHERMAL METHOD

• This method is plainly a combination of the BBT Method and

the Cervical Mucus Method. The woman takes her
temperature every morning before getting up and also takes
note of any changes in her cervical mucus everyday. She
abstains from coitus three days after a rise in her body
temperature or on the fourth day after the peak of a mucus
change.
 OVULATION DETECTION
• Ovulation detection This method involves an over-
the-counter kit that can predict ovulation through the
surge of lutenizing hormone that happens 12-24
hours before ovulation using a woman’s urine
specimen.
• The kit is 98%-99% accurate and is fast becoming the
method of choice by women
 ARTIFICIAL METHOD
Artificial Method Sometimes called hormonal contraception, the
artificial method involves managing the hormones that directly affect
the normal menstrual cycle to prevent ovulation from occurring. This
include:
1)oral contraceptives 2)transdermal patch
3) vaginal ring 4) sub dermal implants
5) hormonal injections 6) intrauterine device 7) chemical
barriers 8) diaphragm 9) cervical cup 10) male
condoms
11)female condoms
 ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• Oral contraceptives Commonly known as the pill, oral
contraceptives are composed of synthetic estrogen
(that suppresses the FSH and LH to control ovulation)
and progesterone.
• side effects for using these methods which includes
nausea, weight gain, head ache, breast tenderness,
breakthrough bleeding, vaginal infection, mild
hypertension, and depression.
• Woman who are breastfeeding and are in the age of 35
years and above, or those who have cardiovascular
diseases, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and
cirrhosis, should not use this method.
 TRANSDERMAL PATCH
• This method is a combination of both
estrogen and progesterone but in a form
of a patch.
• The contraceptive patch can be worn on
warm places on your body: on the
abdomen, upper outer arm, upper torso
(front or back execpt on your breast and
on buttocks)
 VAGINAL RING
• Vaginal ring Is a silicon ring inserted
in into the female reproductive organ,
which releases a combination of
estrogen and progesterone that
surrounds the cervix.
• This method is as effective as the oral
contraceptives
 SUBDERMAL IMPLANTS
• The sub dermal implants, which contains
etonogestrel, desogetrel, and progestin,
are two implants taken to rod embedded
under the skin of the women during her
menstrual period or on the 7th day of her
menstruation to make sure pregnancy will
not occur
 HORMONAL INJECTIONS
• It is progesterone-based injection, given in the arm or
buttocks, which provide contraception for 12 weeks at
a time. You can think of it as if depositing progesterone
into the body whose job is to fool the body into
thinking that it is already pregnant. Think of it this way:
when a woman is pregnant, the ovaries start producing
higher levels of natural progesterone to let the brain
and the rest of the reproductive system know that “a
baby is on the way”. Thus, obstructing the production
of more eggs.
• It deters ovulation and causes changes in the
endometrium and the cervical mucus. With an
 INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
•
(IUD)
This is a small, T-shaped object that is placed
inside the uterus through the vagina, and is left
there for up to 5 years to 10 years.
• It has small strings that hang outside the cervix
that allow the doctor to check IUD and help in
its removal from the uterus.
• It prevents fertilization by impeding sperm
passage.
• IUD containing progesterone is fitted only by
the doctor and inserted after the woman
 CHEMICAL BARRIERS
• Examples of chemical barriers are spermicides,
vaginal gels and creams and glycerine films
that are used to kill sperms before they can
enter the cervix and also lower the pH levl of
the vagina so it will not become conducive for
the sperm.
• These chemical barriers cannot prevent
sexually transmitted infection, although they
can be bought without any prescription.
• Note that ideal fail rate of this method is 80%.
 DIAPHRAGM
• Diaphragm Is a circular, rubber disk that
fits the cervix. It works by inhibiting the
entrance of the sperm into the vagina.
The diaphragm should only be fitted by a
doctor, and should remain in place for six
hours after coitus.
• If left in place for more than 24hours,
inflammation or irritation may occur.
 CERVICAL CAP
• Cervical Cap This is another barrier
method made of soft rubber and fitted on
the rim of the cervix.
• Shaped like a thimble with a thin rim, it
could stay in place for more than 48
hours.
 MALE AND FEMALE
CONDOMS
•• Female condoms are also latex rubber sheaths
A male condom is a latex or synthetic rubber
sheath that
that are is placed
specially on the for
designed erected penis
females and are
before vaginal penetration,
pre lubricated trapping the sperm
with spermicide.
• during ejaculation.
It has an inner ring that covers the cervix and
• Itancan prevent
outer, openSTDs
ring and
thatcan be bought
is placed over-
against the
the-counter without prescription.
vaginal opening.
•• Ideally
These it has
are a fail
also rate of 2%
disposable andand a typical
requires no rate
of 15% caused by breakage or spilling.
prescription.
• This method has fail rate of 12% to 22%.
 SURGICAL METHODS
• This method requires a surgical procedure that renders
a person sterile.
• There is vasectomy for males where the tube that
transport the semen are cut through a small
incision ,made on each side of the scrotum to block the
passage of the sperm.
• There is tube ligation for females where the fallopian
tube are either cut or tied to block passage of both
semen and ova.
• While these types are considered permanent. Some
can surgically reversed.
• The doctor tells the couple that sterilization for women