ADVANCE

SECURITY
&
SAFETY
MANAGEMENT
DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBJECT :
 
INSTRUCTION :
 
To theoretically introduce Advance Security
Management with a review of the Basic
Security Management and Police Security
measures under Philippine setting in relation
to Republic Act 5487 and related Philippine
National Police various Implementing Rules
and Regulations.
PARTICIPANTS :
 
To thoroughly explain with the aid of video and
audio presentation the various basic and advance
security definitions, principles, concepts and
implementing rules and regulations for class
discussion.
 
To undertake actual “field study” of various
ongoing privately owned establishments (Hotels,
Restaurants, Groceries, Banks), under
construction Low-Rise, Medium-Rise and High-
Rise commercial buildings and private and
government owned subdivision, private and
government edifices, offices and facilities
(National Government offices, Regional and
Provincial Government Buildings, City and
Municipal Buildings, private and government and
private hospitals).
To group the participants into modules for specific
assignments in the implementation of security
measures for specific classroom discussion of
assigned tasking.
 
To discuss thoroughly the requirements for the
operation of a private security agency as well as
the operative procedures and maintenance of
private security operations (Government Security
Guards, Company Security Guards, Private
Detective, Overt and Covert Security Officers, and
Uniformed Security Officers / Guards)
 
Submit a Business Proposal for Private Security
Services with recommendation for security
implementation against possible outsider forces
against theft and destruction of properties as well
as personnel security administration.
 
Participants will submit an individual / group term
paper as final basis for their individual grades for
the semester.
 SECURITY
- the state of quality of being secure,
freedom from fear or danger, certainty. To
secure is to make safe or be protected.
 
FACTORS THAT BRING ABOUT INSECURE
CONDITIONS :
 
Threat – positive inimical acts.
 
Hazards – passive inimical conditions.
 
Vulnerability – measure of how open is an
establishment to intrusion, attack or injury.
 
Risk – probability of an event to happen that
will lead to losses.
COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY PROGRAM :
 
Policies and procedures – statements of
security goals and the required means of
achieving them.
 
Policies – people to monitor, administer, and
implement of the system.
 
Barriers – access to control devices or
structures.
 
Equipment – detection, alarm,
communication, and control system.
 
Risk – past incidents reports, access records
and transaction logs.
 
SECURITY HAZARDS :
 
Security Hazards
- an act or condition which results in a
situation conductive to a breech of the
protection system and the subsequent loss or
compromise secrets, or damage to personnel,
property or facilities.
KINDS OF SECURITY HAZARDS :
 
 Man-made Hazards – an act or condition
affecting the safe operation of the facility,
caused by human action, accidental or
intentional. It includes sabotage.
Espionage, pilferage, and theft, disloyalty,
disaffection, and subversive activity.
 
 Natural Hazards – those cause by natural
phenomena, which cause damage,
disturbance and problems of the normal
functioning of human activities, including
security. It includes flood, lighting storms,
volcanic eruptions, high velocity winds,
tidal waves, etc.
THE EXTENT AND DEGREE OF RISK TO
SECURITY WILL BE DEPENDENT :
 
 Relative Critically of operations – is the
importance of the firm with reference to
the national economy and security.
 
 Relative Vulnerability – the susceptibility of
the plant or establishment to the damage,
loss or disruption of operation due to
various hazards.
 THEFT
– is taking away of another’s personal
property with intent to gain and without the
consent of the owner.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS ON THEFTS :
 
1. The needs or desire - An individual may
need or desire to commit the act because
of financial problem, inadequate income,
extravagant living, gambling extraordinary
family expenses, resentment or desire for
revenge, undesirable associates.

2. The psychological need - An individual may

feel an intense desire to help others at the
expense of the employer.

3. The criminal tendency - The individual wish

such tendency may be more tempted to
steal if security controls are inadequate or
non-existent.
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS SHOWN BY THIEVES IN A
WORKPLACE :
 
1. Increase standard of living or change
spending habits.

2. Shown an unreasonable devotion to work.

3. Resistance to procedural changes that

would result in closer supervision, limiting
their capabilities of consummating the
crime.
 
 Common Targets

Cash
Negotiable Instruments
Merchandise that can be turned into cash
Others
 
 Kinds of Thieves

Outsiders – shoplifter
Insiders – pilferer
SECURITY MEASURES ON THE PREVENTION
OF THEFT :

 Screen, identify, control and record all

personnel that come in and go out of the
premises

 Suspicious looking personnel especially at

night near the vicinity must be monitored

During office hours, permit no one to loiter

without proper authority

Most of the time, secured the restricted

areas
 Conduct patrol inspections from time to
time so the movement of people inside is
monitored
Be sure to close and locks the doors, rooms
and windows after office hours
People staying overnight in the areas must
be monitored
Make sure main gates and entrances must
be guarded
Make sure to be familiar with the client’s
property
 Conduct search and inspection both on the
body of the person and the property or
items with him
Look for a gate pass or any document on
any item that is being brought out
 Be sure to know the person-in-charge for
the release of goods and property, so as to
familiarize with their signature
CASUAL AND SYSTEMATIC PILFERER :
 
 Casual Pilferer – one who steals due to his
inability to resist the unexpected
opportunity and has little fear or detection.
 
 Systematic Pilferer – one who steals with
perceived plans and takes away any or all
types of Items or supplies for economic
gain.
COMMON METHODS OF PILFERAGE :
 
1. Trash Disposal and salvage disposal
activities
2. Shipping and receiving operations
3. Packaging property and sending it to
the outside addresses through mail
channels
4. Substitution or switching method
5. Pass on
6. Sweet hearthening method
7. Concealing the property on sensitive or
private parts
8. Throwing items over fences to be
retrieved later by themselves or
by a confederate
9. Under valuing or altering the original
price of the items
 
 
AREAS WHERE PILFERAGE USUALLY OCCURS :
 
 Production area

 Warehouse or stockroom

 Delivery and receiving areas

 Display area
SOME COMMON MEASURES AGAINST PILFERAGE :
 
1. Package inspection
2. Body search
3. Garbage and trash check before disposal
4. Personnel ID and management control
5. Locks and key management
6. Property audits
7. Inspection
8. Assets inventories
9. Use alarm
10. Security education
11. Use CCTV
 PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERRENT TO CONTROL
CASUAL PILFERAGE :
 
1. Search individual and vehicles rearing the
installation of unannounced items and
places “SPOT SEARCHES”.
2. Aggressive security education.
3. To a proper example and maintain a
desirable moral climate for all employees.
4. All employees must be impressed with the
fact that they have responsibility to report
any losses to proper authority.
5. Adequate inventory and control measures
should be instituted to account all
materials, supplies and equipment.
PHYSICAL SECURITY:
 
Physical Security – is a barrier or system of
barriers placed between the potential intruder
and the matter to be protected.
 
 
PHYSICAL SECURITY CONCEPTS:
 
DEFINE – determine what is to be protected

DIRECT – lead customers to the designated

areas / lead intruders away from the area

DETER – visual evidence of a

comprehensive security program will
encourage some perpetrators /intruders to look
after
facilities where access will be less
risky
 DENY – providing physical barriers will
prevent access to assets at risk

DETECT – determine intruders who got

through the barriers

DISSEMINATE – inform security that a

penetration has occurred

DELAY – once intrusion has been detected,

the intruder must be delayed for sufficient time

DETAIN – apprehend intruders to recover

assets and deter future perpetrators

DEPEND – protect the property as a final

option
PERIMETER BARRIER
(First Line of Defense)

– a medium or structure which defines

the physical limits of an installation or
area to restrict or impede access
thereto. It is any physical barrier used to
supplement the protection of an inside
or outside perimeter.
 
 
 

PURPOSSES OF PERIMETER BARRIER:

 

1. Outline the perimeter of the area to be

secured

2. Create a physical and psychological

deterrent to unauthorized entry such as
installation of CCTV and Siren and visible
warning signs

3. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating

apprehension of intruders

4. Assist in a more efficient and economical

employment of guards

5. Facilities and impose the control of

pedestrian and vehicular traffic
TWO GENERAL TYPES OF PHYSICAL
BARRIER:
 
Natural Barrier – includes mountains,
cliffs, cannon, rivers, seas, marshes,
desserts or terrain difficult to traverse
 
Man-Made Barriers – structural
constructions like fences, walls, floors,
roofs, grills, bars, road blocks, or other
physical means to deter or impede
penetration
TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIERS:
 
Wire Fences – made of chain line
designed with mesh openings not
longer than two inches squares and
made of no.9 gauge wire or heavier,
minimum height is 7 feet

Building Wall – masonry walls

surrounded by barbed wire top guard

Bodies of Water – a necessary additional

measures
PERIMETER BARRIER OPENINGS:
 
1. Gates and Doors
2. Sidewalk Elevator
3. Utilities Opening
 
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES:
 
1. Top Guard – an additional overhang or
barbed wire placed on vertical
perimeter fences facing upward and
outward with a 45 degree angle with
three to four strands of barbed wires
space six inches apart. This will
increase the protective height and
prevent easy access.

2. Entry Stations – provided at main

perimeter entrances to secure areas
located out of doors, and manned by
guards on a dull-time basis.

3. Towers – a house-like structure above

the perimeter barriers. It has a
broader visual coverage of the areas
of concern. It gives psychological
4. Protection In Depth – in large open areas
where fencing or walling is impractical
and expensive, warning signs are placed.
Use of animal guards, reduction of
access roads. Intrusion devices can also
be done.

5. Clear Zone – un-obstructed area

maintained on both sides of the
perimeter barrier. A clear zone of 20 feet
or more is desirable between the barrier
and the extension structure and natural
covers which may provide concealment
or assistance to a person seeking
unauthorized entry.

6. Signs and Notices – control signs should

be erected where necessary in the
management of unauthorized ingress
and preclude accidental entry. It includes
prohibitions and exclusive area signs.
BUILDING EXTERIORS (2nd Line of Defense):

1. Walls

2. Doors

3. Window

4. s – Windows below 18 feet must be

grilled

5. Roof Openings

6. Fire Escapes – Maximum 100 feet

 
INTERIOR CONTROLS (3rd Line of
Defense):
 
1. I.D System

2. Entry / Exit of Employees, Visitors,

Suppliers, Customers and their
vehicles
3. Restricted Areas

4. Communication System

5. Key Control

6. Emergency Plans

7. Guards
SECURITY LIGHTING:

provides sufficient illumination to areas

during hours of darkness
 
PURPOSES OF SECURITY LIGHTING:

1. It provides visibility so that intruders can be

seen, identified and apprehended

2. It gives psychological fear, which serves as

deterrent to thieves, pilferers, trespassers and
sabotage

3. It makes easier the routine works of guards in

identifying employees, vehicles, etc during
night time

4. If placed in certain areas, may even reduce the

number of stationary guards and may require
roving patrols at night
 

TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTING:

 Stationary Luminary – most common type

consisting of fixed luminous flood at a given
area continuously with overlap. It is
commonly used in entry gates of employees
and vehicles.

Glare Projection-type – the intensity is

focused on the intruder while the guard
remains in comparative darkness. The
lighting is focused towards the approach of
an entrance to an installation.

Controlled Lighting – the light is focused on a

pile of items or merchandise rather than o
the background. The lights can be adjusted
or controlled too suit the security needs.
Stand-by Lighting – similar to continuous
lighting but is turned on manually or
by special devise or other automatic
means when there is suspicion of
entry

Movable Lighting – consist of stationary

or portable, manually operated search
lights which may be lighted continuously
during hours of darkness or when
required and is a supplementary to
Stationary and Stand-by lighting.

Emergency Lighting – emergency lighting

which may be utilized in the event of
electrical failure.
TYPES OF LIGHT LAMPS:
 
1. Incandescent Lamps – common light
bulbs in which light is produce by the
resistance of the filament to electric
current

2. Gaseous Discharge Lamp – economical

but requires several minutes to attain
the full glare which may be
disadvantageous in industrial security
lighting

3. Quartz Lamps – very bright lights

PROTECTIVE ALARMS:
is an Aural and Visual signal given by the
enunciator to security when intruder
actuates device in a protected area. An
enunciator is a visual or audible signaling
device, which initiates conditions of
associated circuits.
 
Basically, alarm systems are designed to
alert security personnel on consummated or
attempted intrusion into an area, building,
or compound. Each type of alarm is
activated in an event that an intruder
tampers with the circuitry, a beam or
radiated waves, intrusion alarm can be
electrical, mechanical, or electronic. Alarm
are also for fire, smoke, or other
emergencies and presence of other hazards.
TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARMS:
 
CENTRAL STATION SYSTEM – several separate
compounds tie their alarm system to a central
station, so that in case of need, the central station
calls for assistance to the police, fire station,
hospital or with other government assisting units.
 
PROPRIETARY SYSTEM – similar to the Central
System except that the console is located inside the
subscriber’s installation who owns onuses the
system.
 
AUXILLARY SYSTEM – an installation-owned system
which is a direct extension of the local enforcement
agency and or fire department by special
arrangement.
 
LOCAL ALARM SYSTEM – consist of rigging up a
visual or audible alarm near the object to be
protected. In case of alarm, response will be made
 
DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRUSION
ALARM SYSTEM:
 
The primary consideration on choice of a
particular alarm system includes STABILITY,
DURABILITY and RELIABILITY. Furthermore,
alarm system should be:
 
1. A detection unit should initiate the alarm
upon intrusion of human being in the
vicinity of the protected objects.
 
2. Panel board central enunciators or
operating consoles monitoring activities
should be removed at all time.
Transmission can be by physical wires or
by radio.
3. An enunciator control console indicating
the audible and/or aural signal and the
specific location of incident so that proper
actions can be made by security and other
units.
 
4. Fail-safe features give alarms in the
enunciator when something is wrong with
the system.
 
5. System should be difficult to tamper or
reader ineffective by outsiders,
competitors or saboteurs.
OPERATION OF INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEM :
 
 Breaking an electrical circuit (Metallic
force or wire) – In a building or compound,
a possible points of entry can be wired
using electrically charged strips of tinfoil
wire. An action that will move the foil or
wire breaks the circuit and activate the
alarm.
 
 Interruption of a light beam (photoelectric
or electric eye) – This system uses
photoelectric-cell or the “Electric Eye”
which operates on the principal of light
rays. In this system an invisible light beam
is transmitted to a special receiver. An
infra-red filter over light source makes the
beam invisible to intruders.
 Detection of sound and vibration
(audio detection device) – This can be
utilized effectively to safeguard
enclosed areas such as vaults, safes,
storage bins, files room, warehouse
area, similar enclosures.
Supersensitive tiny microphones are
embedded in the walls, ceilings and
floors of the enclosure to be protected
by sound vibrations. These
microphones distributed evenly can
detect sound or vibrations of sound
caused by attempts to force entry to
the protected area.
 Space and motion detector (vibration
detection device) – This system
derived their operating principle
usually from a physical phenomenon
known as “Doppler Effect”. Constant
sound waves in a cubicle disturbed by
an object will cause change of
frequency and wave motion thereby
causing an alarm to trigger.
 
 Electronic/Electromagnetic fence
(microwave motion detection) – An
electronic fence consisting of 3 to 5
strands of wire spaced from 9 to 24
inches above one another which
serves as antenna, a monitor panel,
and an electric circuitry. When power
is put on, an electro-magnetic field is
set among the wires from the top to
the ground. An intruder about 2 feet
from this field will trigger an alarm.
This system is suggested to be
located inside the chain-link fencing
to minimize nuisance alarms caused
by animals, debris blown by the wind
etc.
 
THE PASS / BADGE SYSTEM :
A pass or badge is issued by
security for personnel to be admitted in
the installation. This system precludes
those visitors with escorts and personnel
in the access list. The pass system is for
general use and not for the restricted
areas like exclusive, limited and
controlled areas. The following are
recommend :
1. Single Pass or Badge System – Pass is
issued for permission to enter
differing in specific areas by letters,
numerals, or colors e.g. green
background for current passes in
general area, or white pass with
overprinted blue symbols for a certain
specific area.
2. Pass of Badge Exchange System –
Multiple copies are issued to an
individual with the same photograph.
The individual exchange his badge for
another color or marking the gate.
Once inside, if he needs to enter a
restricted area, he exchanges it for
another color acceptable in that area.
VISITOR, PROPERTY MOVEMENT AND VEHICLE
CONTROL :

A visitor is any person not regularly

employed in a plant or concern. Strict
precautions are taken with visitor against
pilferage, sabotage, and other crimes. Plant
visitors may and they can be suppliers,
promoters, collectors, customers, government
inspectors, contractors, job-seekers, group,
guided tours etc.

Passes or badge may be issued to

visitors indicating area to be visited and escort
requirements. Likewise movement of packages
should be controlled, closely inspecting all
incoming and outgoing packages, with
inspection to vehicles. Trucks have been found
to have special components, items placed inside
the spare tire, tool boxes, and even in fake
gasoline tanks.
 
PROTECTIVE LOCKS AND KEY CONTROL :
Lock Defined
A lock is defined as mechanical,
electrical, hydraulic, or electronic device is
assigned to prevent entry to a building, room,
container, or hiding place.

General Groups of Locks

Warded Lock – The underlying principle is the
incorporation of wards or obstructions
inside the lock to prohibit a key from
operating the bolt unless the key has
corresponding notches cut in it that it will
pass the words.
Lever Tumble Lock – Each lever hinges on a
fixed point and is held against a stop by the
pressure of a flat spring.
Disc Tumbler Lock – Also known as the wofer
tumbler type, has flat metal tumblers with open
center fitted into a lock case.

Pin Tumbler Lock – The pin tumbler mechanism

depends for its security, on a number of round pin
or tumblers operating on a cylinder.

Padlock – A portable and detachable lock having a

pivoted or sliding hasp which possess through a
staple ring, or the like is made fast or secured.

Combination Locks – A lock that requires

manipulation of parts according to a
predetermined combination code of numbers or
letters.

Coded Lock – A type of lock that can be opened by

inserting a coded card in a slot in the lock, or by
pushing the correct buttons on the surface of the
lock.
Electronic Lock – Type of lock that can be closed and
opened remotely by electronic means.
 
KEY CONTROL DEFINED :

Key control is being defined as the

management of keys in a plant or business
organization to prevent unauthorized
individual access to the keys.

Master Key – A special key capable of

opening a series of locks. This key capable of
opening less number of locks than the grand
master.

Maison Keying – The issue of key to open

the main entrance and the office.
 
Master Keying System – A system used in a
big installation whereby keys can open a
group or groups of locks.
LEVELS OF CONTROL IN THE MASTER
KEY PLAN :
One Level (Change key) – All locks
operated by change key only and key
different or alike or required. Each key
operates its own lock only, e.g. house,
stores, cars, warehouse.
 
Two levels (Master key) – All levels
operated by change keys and master
key. Master key operates all locks
generally of one building, e.g. small
school apartment.
Three Levels (Grand Master Key) – All
locks operated by change key, master
keys, and grand master keys. Grand
master operates all locks generally used
in large buildings or a facility with
several buildings e.g. office buildings
and hospitals.
 
Four Levels (great Grand Master) – All
Locks operated by change key, Grand
master key and great grand master keys.
Used in great or large complex system
and similar to three levels.
 
Five Levels (Great Grand Master Key) –
All locks operated by change key, master
key, grand master key and great grand
master key, e.g. big universities,
complexes, large industrial complexes.
 
POINTERS FOR EFFECTIVE LOCKS AND KEY
CONTROL :
1. Record all keys issued and names of holders be
meticulously made regardless of the size of the
establishment.
2. Storage key is important. Duplicate or spare keys
should be stored in a securely locked cabinet in a
secure area.
3. Master keys should be issued on an absolute
minimum number and be kept by an individual
responsible for locks and keys.
4. Regular checks should be made in employees
with keys issued.
5. Issuance of keys and locks should be carefully
controlled, and issuance should be on a real-
need basis.
6. Periodic rekeying should be considered as
essential security safeguard just as combination
of safes are changed from time to time.
7. A key depository should be provided in a big
plant. Supervisors taking keys should be
registered in a registry book.
FIRE PROTECTION :
Automatic Sprinkling System

Automatic Sprinkler Defined

 
Automatic sprinkler is a type of built in
sprinklers which works by increase of room
temperature and which automatically
operates the system to put out the fire.
Attached and distributed in the ceiling of the
rooms, these sprinklers will go into action
once a fire starts, and those that will open
are those that directly above the fire and
water is delivered where it is needed.
TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM :

Wet pipe system – the piping has water with

pressure, and the water sprinkler will
operate when head is open and water will
continue to flow until shut off.

Dry-pipe system – the pipes are filled with air

under pressures which holds the water at
a value located in room. When sprinklers
lead goes into operation, air is released
trapping the dry pipe valve and allowing
water to flow through the system.
FIRE PUMP :

Fire Pump Defined

 
Fire pump is a mechanical device of
supplying water which can be manual or
motor-driven. These pumps are ideal when
natural supplies of water are readily available
like a river, lake or stream.
STAND PIPES :

Stand Pipes Defined

 
Stand Pipes are G.I steel or plastic
pipes located inside a building from the
lowest to the top floor with water under
pressure for use in case of fire. Located near
a standpipe is a fire house usually enclosed in
a glass box hand for use . In case of fire , the
house is screwed into the standpipe can come
from a storage tank at the roof or from a
series of water pumps.
FIRE HYDRANT DEFINED :

Fire Hydrant is a mechanical device

strategically located in an installation or
street where a fire hose is connected so that
water with pressure will be available to
extinguished the fire.
 
FIRE EXTINGUISHER DEFINED :

Fire extinguisher is a fire fighting

equipment which can be portable or in a cart
that is used to put out fire depending on the
contents to extinguish certain types of fire as
class A to D. This is the most important and
useful piece of fire fighting equipment in a
plant, building or facilities.
CLASSES OF FIRE :

Class A Fire – results from burning of woods,

paper, textiles and other carbonaceous
materials. Extinguishments of this type by
quenching and cooling. Extinguishers which
have water sand, acid, foam an the special
solution of alkali methyl dust, as found in the
load stream extinguishers, should be use for
this type of fire.
 
Class B Fires – those caused by flammable
liquids like kerosene, gasoline, benzene, oil
products , alcohol and other hydrocarbon
derivations. This type is put out and
controlled by foam, load stream, carbon
dioxide, dry chemical, and vaporizing liquid. If
water is used, it might even spread the
flame, or explosion may ensure.
Class C Fire – Those which start in live
electrical wires, equipments, motors,
electrical appliances, and telephone switch
boards. The extinguishers that should be
used for such fires are carbon dioxide, dry
chemical, and vaporizing liquid, as the
soda type can even electrocute the
extinguisher holder. In case of fires, source
of electricity should be cut off.
 
Class D Fire – the result of combustion of
certain metals in fire divided forms. These
metals can be magnesium, potassium,
powdered aluminum, zinc, sodium, titanium,
lithium, and zirconium. This type of fire can
be put out by G.I. Type meth LX, Lith X, meth
L KYL, dry sands and dry tale.
USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS :

Soda Acid (Class A Fire) - It is carried to fire by top

handle. Operate by turning extinguisher upside
down. Don’t invert until ready to see. Aim stream at
base of flame working around the edge. Soak to
prevent rekindling.
 Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (Class B,C Fire) – Operates by
squeezing handle or trigger or turning wheel to
discharge gas and snow. When using, keep hands
on horn, gets cold, be ready for a “ROAR” its
normal. Avoid close blasting on liquid fires. Attack
fire at base of time, moving discharge horn slowly
back and forth in sweeping motion. Continue after
fire is out, prevent flare up.
Dry Chemical-Multi-Purpose (Class A,B,C Fires) –
Operates same as the dry chemical type above.
Coal class A combustible thoroughly. Do not mix
with dry chemical designed only for class B and C
fires.
 
Foam (Class A,B Fires) – Operates like soda acid;
operates by turning extinguisher upside down.
SURVEYS AND INSPECTIONS

Security Survey Defined - A fact finding probe to

determine a plant’s adequacy and deficiency in
all aspects of security, with the corresponding
recommendations.
Survey – term applied to the first detailed “look-
see” conducted by a team.
 Inspections or follow-up surveys – the term
used for succeeding surveys after the initial
survey.
Supplemental surveys – one conducted when
there is business reorganization with
corresponding changes in objectives and
physical by outs of the complex.
 Special surveys – one directed by management,
if the initial survey appears to have left certain
proportions or aspects involving security due
to change in policy or operations that will
greatly affect the total security picture.
Entrance Conference – A conference or dialogue between
the survey team and management officials of a plant
before security survey is conducted.

Exit Conference – A conference similar to entrance

conference done after the completion of the security
survey.

Who Perform Security Audit and Surveys – Security survey

is performed by qualified security experts who can be
from the organization or outsiders contracted to do the
job. Recommendations will fall into three categories:
(a) human guard, (b) equipment, and (c) procedures.
 
EMERGENCY AND DISASTER DEFINED :

Emergency and Disaster Defined

 
Emergency – An unforeseen combination of
circumstances or the resulting state that
calls for immediate action.
 
Disaster – A condition involving serious and
widespread threat to life, health or
property.
GOALS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING :

1. To minimize the effects of any incident of

disaster proportion upon plant and
community personnel.
 
2. To keep property and equipment loss at a
minimum.
 
3. To ensure cooperation of all plant
department charged with specific activities
in time of an emergency.
 
4. To ensure appropriate cooperative action
by and with outside civic and government
agencies.
TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL EMERGENCY :
1. Earthquake
2. Fire
3. Building collapse
4. Exposure hazard
5. Explosion
6. Leakage of gas or toxic fumes
7. Flood and heavy rain
8. Volcanic eruption
9. Typhoon
10. Bomb threat
11. Strike
12. Work accidents
13. Enemy attack
PRIORITIES IN CASE OF EMERGENCY :

First Priority – Protect human life

 
Evacuation and Shelter – move out people not
needed in the operation
 
Personnel Protection – those who remain must be
protected.
 
Rescue and Relief – support assistance for those who
may be injured.
 
Second Priority – Prevent or minimize personal injury
 
Design Safety – eliminate things which could increase
like hood of injury.
 
Training – prepare those who will deal with the
disaster so that they will not increase their exposure
through ignorance or imputed.
Third Priority – Reduce the exposure of
physical assets good

house keeping – do away with hazards

 
Fourth Priority – Optimize loss control for
assets
Those exposure cannot be reduced-
emergency response system (people,
equipment and procedure)
 
Fifth Priority – To restore normal operations
as quickly as possible
Relocating some groups or function, to
initiate re-supply schemes to raw
materials and equipment.
EMERGENCY PLAN DEVELOPMENT :

1. Goals of emergency plan

2. Emergency plan should be in

writing

3. The plan should be precise and specific

4. A separate emergency plan should be

prepared for each type of disaster which
has a probability of occurring.
 
STEPS IN PLANNING :
 
1. Get in touch/coordinate with your local civil
authorities. Visiting neighboring plant/offices.

2. Survey your plant for possible hazard and take

immediate action to lessen or eliminate them.

3. Appoint a disaster coordinator or disaster

director. Early in the planning stage, present
your programs to your employees and enlist
their active support.

4. Call an organization meeting of heads of

services, employee representative and key
personnel.

5. Define the program.

A contingency planning group should be
constituted and must:
 
Be available at the headquarters location
Know the organization and its operations
Besenior in management (although not the
most senior)
Understand the important of the planning task
The planning group normally represented are:
Security

Legal

Finance

Personnel or human relations

Public relations
Communications

 Area of functional management

Engineering or maintenance
Succession of Management

Include enough names to ensure that one

of those is the list is always available during
an emergency, regardless of when it happens.

Home and other telephone numbers of key

executives should kept up to date and readily
available.
ALTERNATIVE HEADQUARTERS :
 
List ideally the location of alternate
headquarters should be with in the facility
assembly area should be outside the
facility.

Define who should report and under what

conditions

Communication necessary

Storage of duplicate records

Sufficientemergency funds needed to assure

organizations capability to get back the
operations without the delay.
PUBLIC RELATIONS :
 
Orderly release of information through a
single source in the organization to avoid
confusion.
To prepare press releases and verbal
briefings
 
MEDICAL CARE AND WELFARE :
 
First aid-training
Coordination with hospital
distances

capabilities
 
ALERT AND WARNING SYSTEM :
 
Should provide a method of warning those
occupying the facility in an emergency
situation exist
Outdoor and indoor warning system
 
TRANSPORTATION :
 
Assign to an individual and designated
alternate
Use of all available vehicle in the
organization
Possibility of leasing additional units
TESTING PLAN :

Benefits in testing a plan

Deficiencies will be uncovered
People involve in the implementation of the
plan will received valuable training
Types of testing the plan
partial (by elements)
complete (entire organization)
 
KEEPING PLAN UP TO DATE :
 
Changes in personnel and facilities
 
SECURITY AND FIRE PREVENTION :
 
Provision for additional employees to help
security in fire prevention duties

Control personnel

Use of badges or arm bands or brassards

Police/fire
telephone numbers and other
emergency numbers readily available

Increase number of security personnel.

EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN AND RESTORATION :

Propershut down of machinery, utility and

processes

Specific
responsibility for shut down should be
assigned in disaster plan

Assign people familiar with the process

Crew should be small as possible but drilled in

fast shut down procedure

Safety of facilities structure

Plan should be check once every six months

ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF
SECURITY GUARD FORCE

R.A. 5487 – The Private Security Agency Law –

The act which regulates the organization
and operation of private detective,
watchman, and security guard agencies in
the Philippines which was approved on June
13,1969.

PNP SAGSD – Philippine National Security

Agency and Guard Supervision Division
formerly known as Supervisory Office Security
Investigation Agency (SOSIA) – This is an office
under the Chief of PNP through the Civil
Security Group (CSG) which is charged with
the supervision, direction and control of all
security agencies in the Republic. The head of
this division acts in the name of the Chief of
PNP on matters, duties, and powers
delegated by the latter.
 In matters of licensing and in compliance
with the prescribed rules and regulation issued
by the chief of PNP, the security personnel of
government corporation/agencies also fall
under the supervision of the PNP SAGSD.
 
BRANCHES OF PNP SAGSD :
Administrative
Operations
Research, records and statistics
License
Special action

Different government security guards

are covered by the same rules and regulations
for the security guards; the only exception is
that government guards are excepted from the
municipal and registration fees as provided in
R.A.5487.
 
PERSON WHO ARE QUALIFIED TO ORGANIZE A
SECURITY OR WATCHMAN AGENCY :

Any Filipino citizen or a corporation,

partnership, or association, one hundred percent
(100%) of which is owned and controlled by Filipino
citizens, may organize and maintain a Private
Security Agency or Private Detective Agency.

The operator or manager of an agency

including managers of branch offices must be a
Filipino citizen, shall not be less than twenty five
(25) years of age; college graduate and or a
commissioned officer in the inactive service or
retired from the Armed Forces of the Philippines or
the Philippine National Police, or graduated/taken a
course in concepts and methods in Industrial
Security and Security Management and/or must
have adequate training or experience in security
business, of good moral character not having been
convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude.
DISQUALIFICATION FOR THE OPERATOR OR
MANAGER OF SECURITY AGENCY :

Having been dishonorably discharged or

separated from the Armed Forces of the
Philippines or Philippine National Police or
separated for cause from any government
entity or government owned or controlled
corporation;
Being a mental incompetent;
Being physically unfit;
Addicted to the use of narcotic drug and/or
prohibited drugs and/or
substances;
Habitual drunkard and alcoholic;
Dummy of any foreigner;
 Elective or appointive government officials
and employees who may be called upon on
account of the functions of their respective
offices in the implementation and
enforcement of RA 5487 and any person
related to such government employees by
affinity or consanguinity in the third civil
degree shall not hold any interest, directly or
indirectly in any security guard or watchman
agency on account of the functions of their
respective offices in the implementation and
enforcement of the provision of Republic Act
No.5487 as amended.
DEFINITION OF TERMS :

Person – As used in this act , person shall

include not only natural but also persons such as
proprietorship, partnership, corporations,
companies, or associations, duly organized and
registered with the SEC-Security and Exchange
Commission and/or DTI-Department of Trade and
Industry.
Security Guard – Sometimes called watchman
shall include any person who offers or render
personal service to watch or secure either a
residence or business establishment or both, or
building or compound, or areas,
inspects/monitors bodily check searches
individual an/or baggage and other forms of
security inspection, physically, manually, or
scientifically by TV monitors including but not
limited to logging concessions and agriculture,
mining or pasture lands, for hire or for
compensation.
Private Detective – Any person who does
detective work for hire, reward or
commission, other than members of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of
the bureau of prisons, bureau of jail and
management and penology and member of
the Philippine National Police or by any other
law enforcement agency of the government.

Private Detective Agency – Any person,

association, partnership, firm or private
corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains
furnishes or post any security guards, to do
its functions or solicit individuals, business,
firms, or private or public corporations to
engage his/its services or those of his/its
security guards, for hire or compensation
through subscription.
License to Exercise Profession or License
Certificate – Any document issued by the
Chief, PNP of his duly authorized
representative recognizing a person to be
qualified to perform his/her duties as security
guard or private detective.
 
License to Operate – A document issued by
the Chief, PNP or his authorized
representative authorizing a person to
engage in the occupation, calling or
employment as security guard, detective, or
judicial person to establish, engage direct
manage or operate an individual or a private
detective agency or private security
agency/company security force after payment
of prescribed fees.
Company Security Force – A security force
maintained and operated by any private
company/corporation for its own security
requirements only.
 
Government Security Unit – A security force
maintained and operated by any government
entity other than military and/a police, which is
established and maintained for the purpose of
securing the office or compound and/or
extension of such government entity.
 
PADPAO – refers to the Philippine Association of
Detective and Protective Agency Operators,
Inc., an association of all licensed security
agencies and company security forces. It was
formed in May 1958 and was responsible for
crafting the bill which became R.A. 5487 after
its adoption and approval of congress.
 
STATUS OF SECURITY GUARDS :

In consonance with existing laws, PDs, Eos and

other issuances of proper authorities, the security
guards are part of the Citizen’s Armed Force, and
auxiliary unit of the PNP in the maintenance of peace
and order.

Under PD 1016, as armed component of the AFP

reserved force. It may be called upon during
emergency to render military service/duties to assist in
the defense of the state.

Under the specific provision of RA 5487, the

Governor and Mayor are vested the authority to
deputize the security guards to do police work,
assisting the PNP, in the maintenance of peace and
order during disasters, calamities and emergencies.

Each security guard on duty is part of the

intelligence network of the PNP in gathering
information on crimes and criminals in their respective
area of jurisdiction.
QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY GUARD OR
WATCHMAN :
 
Filipino citizen
High school graduate
Physically and mentally fit
At least eighteen (18) years of age but not
more than fifty (50) years old
Has undergone Pre-licensing course
 
Note: Veterans and retired military/police
personnel honorably discharg including
graduates of ROTC advance/basic or its
equivalent in the AFP, and B.S. Criminology
are exempted from PLTC.
QUALIFICATIONS OF A PRIVATE DETECTIVE :

Holder of baccalaureate degree of Bachelor of

Laws;

Holder of a degree in Bachelor of Science in

Criminology

Graduate of a criminal investigation course

offered by then PC-INP or the Philippine
National Police or the National Bureau of
Investigation or any police training school
or detective training with
authorized/recognized center for security
guard

Advance ROTC/CMT graduate

QUALIFICATIONS FOR A SECURITY OFFICER :

Filipino citizen

Holder of Baccalaureate Degree

Physically and mentally fit

Has graduated from Security Officer Training

Course

Retired Personnel of the AFP or PNP

QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY CONSULTANTS
:

Holder of Masters degree in either

Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA,
Industrial Security administration or Law

Must have at least ten (10) years experience

in the operation and management of security
business
NUMBERS OF SECURITY PERSONNEL TO BE
MAINTAINED TO SECURE REGULAR LICENSE
TO OPERATE :

Private Security Agencies – A minimum of two

hundred (200) and a maximum of one
thousand (1000)

Company Security Force – A minimum of thirty

(30) and a maximum of one thousand
(1,000)
USE OF FIREARMS AND EQUIPMENT BY
PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY :

Types of Firearms the PSA can possess

Shotguns not higher than 12 gauge

Low power rifles and revolvers such as: .22

caliber; ..38 caliber pistols or revolvers not
exceeding one (1) firearms for every two (2)
security guard in its employ.
Numbers of Firearms the PSA can possess

For 100 guards, an initial number of at least

30 licensed firearms
For regular licensed (200 guards) at least 70
pieces of licensed firearms
Use of firearms by Private Detective Agency
is optional

Note: Every unit of firearms must have only

50 rounds of ammunition and individual
issue to each guard shall be limited to ½ of
such basic load or 25 rounds for every
security guard.
 
CONFISCATION OF FIREARMS OF SECURITY
GUARD :
When the firearm is about to be used in the
commission of a crime
When the firearm is actually being used in the
commission of crime;
When the firearm has just been used in the
commission of crime;
When the firearm being carried is unlicensed
or a firearm not authorized by law and
regulation for its use;
When the confiscation of the firearm is
directed by the order of the court;
When the firearm is used or carried outside
the property, compound, or establishment
serviced by the agency without proper
authority;
When a security guard does not possess any
license to exercise his profession
REVOCATION OF LICENSE TO POSSESS
FIREARMS :

1. Failure to submit any issued firearm for

verification
2. Carrying of firearms by security personnel
without appropriate Duty Detailed Order
(DDO)
3. When the firearm serial number has been
duplicated on another firearm or using one
firearm license for more than one firearm
other than those stipulated in the license
4. Carrying of firearms outside of the place
stated in the permit
5. Conviction of the operator or manager of
the agency of any crime involving moral
turpitude When the firearm was reported
lost
SECURITY PERSONNEL RANKS, POSITIONS,
STAFFING PATTERNS AND JOB
DESCRIPTION :

Security Management Staff

 
Security Director (SD) – Agency manager/chief
security officer – responsible for the entire
operation and administration/ management of
the security agency. Directly responsible to
the agency operator/owner/Board of Directors
 
Security Executive Director (SED) – Asst.
agency manager/asst. chief security officer –
automatically the security executive director,
assist the agency security director and take
the operational and administrative
management when the manager is absent.
 
Security Staff Director (SSD) – Staff director
for operation and staff director for
administration – The staff director for
Operation is the staff assistant of the security
manager for the efficient operation of the
agency. It includes the responsibility to
canvass clientele and the implementation of
contract and agreement. He is also
responsible for the conduct of investigation
and training; while the staff director for
administration is the staff assistant of the
agency manager for the effective and efficient
administration and management of the
agency. He is responsible for the
professionalization of the personnel,
procurement/recruitment, confirming of
awards, mobility and issuance of Firearms.
LINE LEADERSHIP STAFF :
 
Security Supervisor 3 – Detachment
Commanders – the field or area commander of
the agency. The detachment shall consist of
several posts.
 
Security Supervisor 2 – Chief Inspector –
responsible for inspecting the entire area
covered by the detachment.
 
Security Supervisor 1 – Inspector –
responsible for the area assigned by the Chief
Inspector or the Detachment Commander.
 
 
 
SECURITY GUARD :

Security Guard 1 – Watchman/Guard – person

posted as watchman and/or guard.
 
Security Guard 2 – Shift In-Charge – responsible
for the security officers who are scheduled in a
certain shift for a particular period.
 
Security Guard 3 – Post In-Charge – responsible
for the entire detailed security office with a
certain establishment.
 
Security Consultant – optional but must possess
all qualification.
 
Note: Security agency operator/manager/owner
can put its own staffing pattern provided it is
consistent with the provision of IR of RA 5487.
THE SECURITY GUARD FORCE :

The Security Guard Force

is a group of forces of men selected,
trained and/or grouped into a functional unit
for the purpose of protecting operational
processes from disruptions which would
impede efficiency or halt operations at a
particular plant, facility, installation, or
special activity.
TYPES OF SECURITY GUARD FORCES :

Company Guard Forces – propriety or in-house

security

Agency Guard Services – contractual

Government Guard Forces – new type

 
ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIZING AND OPERATING
OF COMPANY GUARD FORCES :
 
Loyaltyto organization is more intense than in
agency guards.
 
Generally, higher caliber men are employer is
they received higher wages, benefits and other
allowances, and may be even required to undergo
specialized training at company’s direction.
 
Highly classified work can be given to guards
after proper training and indoctrination due to
non-rotation of organic guards.
 
Company guards are more familiar with the
facilities they protect, and can be trained to be
handle some of more complex security duties.
 
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPANY GUARD FORCE :
 
Cost more
 
Problem of ensuring availability of back-up
personnel
 
May be required to join a guard union
ADVANTAGES OF AGENCY GUARD SERVICES :
 
It is more economical

Security administrative problems are reduced

investigation and training are eliminated
 
Problems related to recruiting, pre-employment
investigation and training are eliminated
 
Problems involving absentees and vacation leave are
eliminated
Security personnel are separated from employees.
Camaraderie is Eliminated
 
In case of accidents or deaths, agency takes care of the
cumbersome details
 
In case of emergencies, extra guards are easily available
 
Incase of company strikes, the agency guards will on
duty to carry out their assigned duties
DISADVANTAGES OF AGENCY GUARD FORCE :
 
Lack of training, low caliber employees
 
No company loyalty
 
Large turnover
 
Not familiar with facilities they protect
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF SECURITY GUARDS :
 
Alertness – being watchful in spotting a violator, a
person a vehicle or an incident.
 
Judgment – sound and good judgment to arrive at wise
and timely decisions.
 
Confidence – faith in him and in his abilities attained
through knowledge of job. A thorough and proper
training plus good supervision instills confidence.
 
Physical fitness – always in condition to render effective
service even under the most strenuous conditions.
 
Tactfulness – ability to deal with others successfully
without offending.
 
Self-Control – ability to take hold of oneself regardless
of a provoking situation.
TYPES OF SECURITY GUARD FUNCTIONS :
 
Fixed post

Patrol

Reserve

Administrative work

Others
POWERS AND DUTIES OF SECURITY GUARDS :
 
General Duties of Security Guards:
 
Enforce company rules and regulations;
 
Operate and enforce the “personnel identification
system”.
 
Patrol and observe designated areas, perimeters,
structures, installations, properties and activities of
security interest;
 
Take into custody persons attempting or given
unauthorized access in restricted, limited and control
areas;
 
Check rooms, building, storage rooms of security
interest and, after working hours, check proper licking
of doors and gates;
 
Perform escorts duties when required.
Respond to protective alarm signals or other indications of
suspicious activities and emergencies;
 
Enforces the establish system of control in the movement
of properties and materials of the establishment;
 
Act quickly in situation affecting security of installation
and personnel to include fire accidents, internal disorders,
and attempts to commit criminal acts;
 
Safeguard equipment and material against sabotage,
unauthorized access, loss, theft, or damage;
 
Control and regulate vehicle and personnel traffic within
the compound as well as parking of vehicles;
 
Liaison with local and national police and law enforcement
agencies;
 
Perform other duties where security will be at stake or
compromised;
 
Perform other special task as may be given by
management from time to time;
 
Make reports as required and necessary.
 
Note: Private security agencies shall render
guarding services to its clients only after a
duly notarized Security Service Contract shall
have been executed between them. Such
contract shall contain among others, the
consideration in money to be paid by the
client to the agency, the number of hours of
security services per guard per day which the
latter shall render to the former, and the
salary which such guard shall receive from
the agency.
 
ARREST BY SECURITY GUARDS :
 
A security guard or private detective is not a peace
officer and is not, therefore, clothed with police
authority. However, he may affect arrest/apprehension
under any of the following circumstances:
 
When the person to be arrested is actually
committing, or is about commit an offense in his
presence;
 
When an offense has in fact been committed, and
he has reasonable ground to believe that the person to
be arrested has committed it;
 
When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who
has escaped from a penal establishment or place where
he is serving final judgment or temporarily confined
while his case is pending, or has escaped while being
transferred from one confinement to another.
GENERAL ORDERS (11 G Os):
 
1. To charge of the post and all company and
properties in view and protect the same with
almost diligence; 

2. To walk in an alert manner during my tour of

duty and observing everything that takes
place within sight or hearing; 

3. To report all violation of regulations and

orders. I am instructed to enforce; 

4. To relay all calls from post more distance

from the security house where I am
stationed; 

5. To quit my post only when properly relieved;

6. To receive, obey and pass on to the relieving
guard all orders from company officers or officials,
supervisors, post in charges or shifts leader;
 
7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty;
 
8. o sound or call the alarm in case of fire or
disorder;
 
9. To call the superior officer in any case not covered
by instruction;
 
10. To salute and/or bow all company official,
superiors in the agency, ranking public official and
officers of the Philippine National Police.
 
11. To be especially watchful at night and during the
time of challenging, to challenge all person on or
near m post and to allow no one to pass or loiter
without proper authority.
 
TRAINING SYSTEM AND ITS DURATION
PERIOD :
Objectives of Training
 
 To upgrade the discipline, competence and
efficiency of security guards/private
detectives;
 
 To educate them on the importance of
national and community security needs and
prevention of losses;
 
 To enhance a highly professionalized
security industry
CLASSIFICATION AND DURATION PERIOD OF
TRAINING :
 
 Basic Security Guard Course (pre-licensing
training course) – 150 hours
 
 Re-training course – 48 hours
 
Security Officers Training Course – 300 hours
 
BasicSecurity Supervisory Development
Course – 48 hours
 
Security Supervisor Development Course
 
Other specialized courses
GLOSSARY OF TERMS :
 
Access List – an authenticated list of personnel given to security
allowing entry to compound or installation or party thereof.
 
Audit – an official verification and examination of accounts and
records.
 
Automated Records – records accumulated by electronics data
processing system (EDPS) like types, memory drives, reels, and
storage cases.
 
Badge System – a system for personnel movement and control
where badges or identification are issued to personnel upon
entering and installations. Visitors are also issued temporary
badges when entering the installation.
 
B.I Background Investigation – a check made on an individual
usually seeking employment through subject’s record in the
police files, educational institutions, places of residence and
former employer.
 
C.B.I (Complete Background Investigation) – same as B.I but
more comprehensive to include places or residence since birth.
 
Controlling – the regulation of many different aspects
of business activities. Controls are needed to
standardize equality and performance, protect
assets, measure performance, balance, plans and
programs, and motivate individuals.
 
Controlled Area – an area near or adjacent to limited
or exclusive areas where entry is restricted.
 
Coverage factor – the minimum number of direction
from which each point in the area should be lighted
depending upon the use of the areas.
 
Doppler Effect – a physical phenomenon that causes
frequency shift in an object moves in an area
permeated by radio frequency signals. This change in
certain types of alarm activates a signaling unit.
 
Dry-run – practical test or exercise of a plan or any
activities to test its validity; an operational readiness
exercise.
Dress code – a type of code system so that security personnel
when forced by armed men to enter an installation can give
alarm by the use of certain word in casual conversation with
other personnel in the installation.
 
Exclusion – a restricted area containing materials or operations
of security interest.
 
Fail Safe – a term applied to device or system that in the event
of failure of a component, the incapacity will be signaled.
 
Peterman – a term used in England for lock pickers.
 
P.O.I (Program Of Instruction) – a list of subjects, number of
hours, names of instructors, venue, of training for certain
course.
 
Restricted Area – any area, access to which is subject to
personal restriction control.
 
R.A 5487 – an act governing the organization and management
of private company guard force and government security
forces. It is otherwise known as the “Private Security Agency
Law”.
THE END