Objective:

Understand the possibilities of intertextual forms

(HUMSS_CW/MPIIg-j-26)
A. Establishing a purpose for the
lesson
 Plot: A man joins up
AVATAR with natives to learn
their culture and
exploit them. He
POCAHONTAS ends up falling in
love with their way
of life—and one of
DANCES WITH their women—and
WOLVES leads them to
victory over those
trying to take
FERN GULLY advantage of their
resources.
B. Presenting the new lesson
If you're perusing the listings for this summer's big blockbusters, you

might come to the conclusion that Hollywood is out of ideas due to

the endless onslaught of remakes, reboots and sequels. You might

be surprised to learn that even the most iconic and original films
might have borrowed heavily from other source material. This is due,
in part, to a little thing called

  intertextuality.
C. Presenting examples/ instances
of the new lesson
Intertextuality
is a term that indicates that all texts, whether written or
spoken, whether formal or informal, whether artistic or
mundane, are in some way related to each other. 
is the point where two works of art overlap.
is the shaping of a text’s meaning by another text.
is a literary device that creates an ‘interrelationship between
texts’ and generates related understanding in separate works
is the way that one text influences another.
Julia Kristeva (1960s)
French semiotician who created the term “intertextuality”
from the Latin word intertexto which means “to intermingle
while weaving.”
argued that all works of literature being produced
contemporarily are intertextual with the works that came
before it.
stated, “[A]ny text is constructed of a mosaic of quotations;
any text is the absorption and transformation of another.”
Intertextual Figures:
1. Allusion
 is common form of deliberate intertextuality where an artist references
another work of art directly.
 Sometimes, allusions come in the form of brief references, like easter
eggs that many directors leave in their movies for sharp-eyed fans.
a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either
directly or by implication (made relies on the listener or viewer knowing about
the original source)
For example:
I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio’s.”
2. Parody
is an imitation of a writer, artist, subject, or genre in such a way as to
make fun of or comment on the original work.
often exaggerated in the way they imitate the original in order to produce a
humorous effect. While parodies are generally intended to amuse, they are
not always comedic in nature and sometimes take on fairly serious subject
matters.
Example:
Pride and Prejudice with Zombies by Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen:
Seth Grahame-Smith:
“It is a truth universally acknowledged that “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that
a zombie in possession of brains must be a single man in possession of a good
in want of more brains.” fortune, must be in want of a wife.”
Grahame-Smith provides readers who enjoy zombie stories with a tweaked parodic
version of Austen’s classic.
3. Pastiche
is any work of art that imitates the style of another artist
or artists.

not meant to ridicule the original style in the way that a

parody does; instead, a pastiche respects the original
style and often pays some homage to it.

In literature, a pastiche usually is a light-hearted

imitation that is jocular while celebrating the original.
 The Traveler (By Dave The Raven (by Edgar
 It keenly
McClure) Allan Poe) imitates the
arrangement
of words
“Long ago upon a hilltop (let me finish “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I
then I will stop) pondered, weak and weary, used by Poe
I espied a curious traveler where no Over many a quaint and curious volume of in the original
traveler was before. forgotten lore, poem.
As I raised an arm in greeting all at once While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly Likewise, it
he took to beating there came a tapping, echoes the
at the air like one entreating passing As of someone gently rapping, rapping at
boats to come ashore my chamber door. same
like a castaway repeating empty ” ‘Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at rhyming
movements from the shore my chamber door – scheme. 
or an over-eager whore.” Only this, and nothing more.”
 Serious vs.
humorous
tone
D. Discussing new concepts and
practicing new skills #1
Common Examples of Intertextuality:

Identify what type of intertextual figure are the following:

1. He was lying so obviously, you could almost see his nose growing.
2. He’s asking her to the prom. It’s like a happy version of Romeo and
Juliet.
3. It’s hard being an adult! Peter Pan had the right idea.
4. “Even God can have a preference, can he? Let’s suppose God
liked lamb better than vegetables. I think I do myself. Cain brought
him a bunch of carrots maybe. And God said, ‘I don’t like this. Try
again. Bring me something I like and I’ll set you up alongside your
brother.’ But Cain got mad. His feelings were hurt. And when a
man’s feelings are hurt he wants to strike at something, and Abel
was in the way of his anger.”

(East of Eden by John Steinbeck)

5. CLAUDIUS: Welcome, dear Rosencrantz… (he raises a hand at
GUIL while
ROS bows – GUIL bows late and hurriedly.)… and Guildenstern.
(He raises a hand at ROS while GUIL bows to him – ROS is still
straightening up from his previous bow and
half way up he bows down again. With his head down, he twists to
look at GUIL, who is on the way up.)
Moreover that we did much long to see you,
The need we have to use you did provoke
Our hasty sanding.
(ROS and GUIL still adjusting their clothing for CLAUDIUS’s
presence.)
Check your Answer:

1.Allusion
2.Allusion
3.Allusion
4. Allusion
5.pastiche
Finding practical applications of concepts and
skills in daily living
Individual Activity:
Are you aware about the corona virus outbreak? What
particular movie will you relate the happenings brought
by this outbreak? To put your learning into practice,
write a brief summary of a story. Your story outline must
be about survival against corona virus outbreak. Do not
forget to apply intertextuality. (Time limit: 5 minutes)
 Making generalizations and
abstractions about the lesson
Why is intertextuality an important stage in
understanding a piece of literature?
Evaluating learning
Test Your Knowledge of Intertextuality

1. Which of the following statements is the best

intertextuality definition?

A. The relationship between texts.

B. Allusions from one text to another.

C. The translation of a text into a different language.

2. Which of the following would not be an example of
intertextuality?

A. A translation of one work into a different language.

B. A poetic homage to an earlier writer by adopting that writer’s 

theme and tone.

C. The main characters of two unrelated works coincidentally

both named Bob.
3. Which of the following statements is not an example of intertextuality
in Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead?

A. Tom Stoppard used the same character names as in

Shakespeare’s original play.

B. The Disney movie The Lion King is also based somewhat on

Shakespeare’s Hamlet.

C. Parts of the Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead are exact

quotes from Shakespeare’s Hamlet
4. Choose the correct parody definition from the following statements:

A. A harsh, biting attack on a more famous author.

B. A work that imitates the style of another work or author, often for
comedic effect.

C. A critique of government officials or current events in a piece of

literature
5. Which of the following statements is not a reason an
author might choose to use parody?

A. To mock or ridicule another author’s style.

B. To pay homage to a more famous author by imitating

his or her style.

C. To change an original work so entirely that it’s no longer

a clear influence on the parody
6. How is Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes an example of
parody?

A. Cervantes was using and subverting the popular conventions

of the knight-errant tales to create a humorous work of his own.

B. Cervantes wrote two volumes, the second of which was

published a decade after the first.

C. Don Quixote is often called one of the first novels ever written,
and a founding work of modern literature.
7. Which of the following statements is the best pastiche
definition?

A. A work of literature meant to mock another writer’s style.

B. A text that is written in respectful imitation of a different work,

or written as a combination of many former styles.

C. A derivative narrative that is written by a fan and can never be

as good as the original
8. Which of the following statements is true?

A. In an example of pastiche, only one style can be

imitated.

B. Pastiche is never meant to be serious literature, and is

always a joke.

C. Pastiche is always an example of intertextuality.

Identify what is referred to:
9. It is the shaping of a text’s meaning by another text.

10.) ____________ is a 11.) _____________who created the term “intertextuality” from the
Latin word intertexto which means 12.) __________.”

13. It is a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either directly or

by implication.

14. It is often exaggerated in the way they imitate the original in order to produce a humorous
effect.

15. It is a light-hearted imitation that is jocular while celebrating the original.

16. It is a literary device that creates an ‘interrelationship between texts’ and
generates related understanding in separate works

17. It is common form of deliberate intertextuality where an artist references another

work of art directly.

18. It is an imitation of a writer, artist, subject, or genre in such a way as to make

fun of or comment on the original work.

19. It is any work of art that imitates the style of another artist or artists.

20. It comes in the form of brief references, like easter eggs that many directors
leave in their movies for sharp-eyed fans.
Check Your Answer:
1. A
Answer: A is the correct answer. B and C are examples of intertextuality, but
do not define every form of intertextuality possible.
2. C
Answer: C is the correct answer. However, there can certainly be
intertextuality examples that are based on names. If someone were to name
their protagonist Romeo, Pinocchio, or Hercules the reader would not to able
to forget the link between the contemporary character and the character from
the past, even if there were no other thematic ties.
3. B
B is the correct answer. Though it is a true statement, the Disney film came after Tom
Stoppard’s play and therefore Stoppard could not have been influenced by this film in his
writing.
4. B
5. C
6.A
A is the correct answer. While B and C are true, they are not reasons that Don Quixote is
a parody.
7. B
B is the correct answer. A is the definition of parody. While C might be true of some
examples of pastiche, it is not an appropriate definition for the device.
8. C
9. Intertextuality
10. Julia Kristeva
11. French semiotician
12. to intermingle while weaving.”
13. Allusion
14. Parody
15. Pastiche
16. Intertextuality
17. Allusion
18. Parody
19. Pastiche