PIA 2501 Development

Policy and Management

Week Eight
Next Week’s Discussion

 Danielle’s Briefing
PIA 2501: Public Policy and
Management

Week Eight:

NGOs, Community Dynamics

and Civil Society
Community Dynamics
Civil Society--Review

 Networks of organizations, groups and

individuals pursuing socio-economic
interests

 "Beyond the family but short of the

state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )
The Focus of the Week

ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND

DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs
Tie Ins to NGOs and Civil Society
1. The Failed State

2. Decentralized Governance

3. Reconceptualization of Governance

4. Human Rights
“Socio-economic Status and Seniority
in the New Jersey Brigade” 1775
Tie ins to NGOs

5. Development Promotion

6. Micro-Credit

7. Nature of the Beast

NGOs-Tie In 1: The Failed State

 The Power of the Picture

 VIDEO
Prologue- World Bank Mission
 Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry
(Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006)

 A Collapsed State

 Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-

Credit

 Design Capacity for Service Delivery

 Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil

Society
THE TIE IN-1- Failure of the State System

GOVERNANCE ISSUES
IMPACT NGO WORK
The Hard State
Political Cartoon Remembering the
1960s
TIE IN-2

 NGOs and Civil Society Tie into

Decentralized Governance
Civil Society as a Dependent Variable
Decentralization and Civil Society: A
Grassroots Perspective
Governance /
Democracy

NGOs Communication
Women’s Focused Target Group and
Groups Support

Rural Rural Civic

Land Education
Credit Industries

Grassroots
Organizations
 State Societal Linkages: Redux

Central State - Macro

Weak Strong
SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE

Mezzo-Intermediate
State-Weak Strong
Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State

Civil Society - Micro

Weak Strong

Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Tie In-3
Tamil Protests and Sri Lanka’s
Political Future
Civil Society Structures-1
 NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs
(Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they
represent?

 Grassroots, interests, not for profits

(neutrality)

 Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class,

vs. individual rights
World Ethnic Divisions
Civil Society Structures-2
 Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with
Private Sector

 Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable)

 Organic VS. Individualist nature of society

(Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as
collectivist)

 Establishing the rule of law

 Roman vs. Common Law

 What is the role of the individual

The Roman Empire
Tie In- 4- Human Rights Issues
Review
Civil Society and Human Rights

 "Human Rights, Basic Needs and the

Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous)

 Issue: First vs. Second and Third

generation Human Rights and Civil
Society
Sometimes a Great Notion
Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian
Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

 War, Drought, Agricultural Failure

 Focus on Rural Development

 Human Rights
 Focus on Governance
Tie In 5: Rural Development
Promotion
Goods for Good- A Malawi Based
Organization (BUT?)
Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic
philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people
a fishing rod than a fish.
Types of “Development”
NGOs
 Grassroots associations (local or
village based)

 Advocacy groups

 Public Service Contractors

Types of “Development”
NGOs
 Philanthropy vs. Charity

 Relief and Welfare

Societies

 Public Service
Contractors

 Populist based
development agencies
(national)
search...
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Go
Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia
Tie In-6: The Popularity of Micro-credit

Ann Dunham- Micro-credit

specialist VIDEO

Grameen Bank
Nobel Prize for Peace (2006)

Micro-credit: The New

Orthodoxy

The Concept and the Controversy

Links to Traditional Savings Banks

Micro-Credit will be Popular
 Ten Minute Break
NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE
BEAST

NGOs?
Tie in 7- NGOs--The Nature of the
Beast
 Non-Profits vs. For Profits
 Not for Profits- More value directed
 Private Voluntary
Organizations (PVOs)
 Community Based
Organizations (CBOs)
 Foundations
NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2
 Civic Associations (Civics)

 Interest Groups

 Quangos

 Trade Unions

 Religious Organizations
Northern Pakistan
International NGOs-
 Care

 Catholic Relief Services

 Save the Children

 Amnesty International

 Oxfam
Five Caveats: NGOs

 Usually excludes “for profits”

 Issue
of contractors- both for profits and
non-profits

 Includes both International and Local

 Internationals are not universally loved

Not Universally Loved
Five Caveats, Cont.

 Very often internationals are religious

or charity based

 Focus has been primarily on relief

rather than development or civil
society goals
Indigenous NGOs
 Natural Disaster: Humanitarian
Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage

 Cost-effective
 Small but efficient

 Innovative

 Staff loyalty and commitment

One View
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian
Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

NGOs--Perceived Advantage

• Ideologically compatible with

Development values

• Links with poor

• Image of populism
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian
Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

 International NGOs—Weaknesses

 Lack of local legitimacy

 Donor driven

 Inefficiency
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian
Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

 International NGOs—Weaknesses

 Amateurism
 Leadership and continuity problems

 Staffing problems

 Self-serving-own objectives
 Faith Based
Annual Meeting of World Association of Non-
Governmental Organizations (WANGO)
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian
Assistance and Human-Made
Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses

 Fixation on projects
 Problems of replication

 Lack of perceived accountability

 Learning problems/lack of institutional

memory
NGOs and Projects
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian
Assistance and Human-Made
Disaster
 International NGOs—Weaknesses

 Tensions with government institutions

 Politically threatening
 Ties with existing local elites

 Inability
of humanitarian organizations to
transfer to new development orientation
Discussion and Debates
Lawrence  Lawrence Graham- Brazil-
Graham Local Government

 Monte Palmer- Egypt-

Bureaucracy

 Samuel P. Huntington- Culture

Clash

 The Picard Findings- Attitudes

Botswana
Forthcoming Books- Next Week

V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers

Jim Mayfield, Go to the People

 China vs. Indonesia

 Believers, Unbelievers

 Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

From the University of Utah to Iraq

 Jim Mayfield
Interview

 Deborah Scroggins

 VIDEO
Not Oprah’s Book of the Week
Janine Wedel and Deborah Scroggins
Books of the Week

 Janine Wedel, Collision and Collusion

 Deborah Scroggins, Emma’s War

Follow Up

Discussion and Debate