Security Level:
Handover
Sanjaya Weerakoon
13/03/2008
[Link]
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Content
Introduction and purpose of handover
Process of Handover
Types of Handover
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Introduction and Purpose of HO
Handover can maintain the communication continuity of MS which
moves across different cells and lower the call drop rate and provide
better communication service.
To keep a continuous communication with a moving MS
To improve network service performance
To reduce the call drop rate
To reduce the congestion rate
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Process DL Level serving cell
DL Quality serving cell
MS BA2 table DL Level neighbor cells
Measurements
BTS UL Level
UL Quality
Measurement reporting Timing advance
MS → BTS
Adjacent cell Relation Table Module number
MR preprocessing BTS BCCH Cell Description Table cell number
BSIC External Cell Description Table CGI
Penalty processing
BSC Target cell list
Cell Ranking
Handover Judgement
MS
Handover execution BTS
BSC
MSC
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Process
Measurements RXQUAL: Function of BER (Defined by GSM 05.08)
Measurement reporting
MR preprocessing
Penalty processing
RXLEV: Average per SACCH period
Cell Ranking
Mapped as RXLEV value
Handover Judgement
Handover execution
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Process
Measurements
Generate by
Measurement reporting BTS
MR preprocessing
Penalty processing Generate by
MS
Cell Ranking
Handover Judgement
FULL -- Averaging 100 TCH bursts
Handover execution (except the four idle frames in the four 26-multiframes)
SUB -- Averaging 12 bursts
SUB → DTX
(four SACCH bursts and eight TCH bursts in specific
position)
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Process
Measurements Interpolate ---- Add MR when missing
Measurement reporting Continuous MR
flow
MR MR
MR preprocessing MR MR MR
Measurement Measurement report
report No. n No. n+4
Penalty processing
Watch Time
Filter----Average several continuous MR
Cell Ranking Valid Time
Continuous MR
Handover Judgement flow
MR MR MR
MR MR
MR
Handover execution
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Process
Measurements
Measurement reporting
MR preprocessing
Penalty processing
Cell Ranking
Handover Judgement
Handover execution
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Process
M rule —— received signal level → generate candidate cell list
Measurements
For serving cell
RX_LEV (o) >MSRXMIN(o) + MAX(0,Pa(o))
Measurement reporting For Neighbor cell
RX_LEV (n) > MSRXMIN(n)+ MAX(0,Pa(n))+ OFFSET
Pa(0) : MS_TXPWR_MAX(0) – P
Pa(n) : MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) – P
MR preprocessing
MS_TXPWR_MAX( ) : The appointed MS transmitting power by the BSS.
P : Max_Power_of_MS
Max_Power_of_MS : MS maximum transmitting power
Penalty processing
Min DL level 0n Candidate cell
Cell Ranking
K rule —— received signal level → rank candidate cell list
Handover Judgement 16 bit ranking —— calculate 16 bit value and rank
Handover execution
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Process - 16 bit ranking
1st-3rd bits: bit value is decided according to the cell signal level and the penalty process
taking place beforehand.
max. 6 candidate cells and 1 serving cell
level ranges from 000~[Link] with the strongest signal level is 000.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Process - 16 bit ranking
4th bit: bit value is determined by inter-cell HO ( of the same layer ) hysteresis.
serving cell is always 0
Neighbor cell
# receiving signal level of the neighbor cell >= The receiving
level of the serving cell + Inter-cell HO ( of the same layer
) hysteresis, bit 4th is set to 0.
# receiving level of the neighbor cell < The receiving level of
the serving cell + Inter-cell HO ( of the same layer )
hysteresis, bit 4th is set to 1.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Process - 16 bit ranking
5th-10th bits: bit value is decided according to their position in Huawei hierarchical
network structure.
# When the signal level of the neighbor cells or the serving cell is lower than the
layer HO threshold and hysteresis, this function is turned off and all bits are set to 0.
# Huawei cell layers can be divided into 4 layers and each layer can be further divided
into 16 different priorities.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Process - 16 bit ranking
The 11th bit: bit value is decided by cell-load-sharing criterion.
Serving cell:
if Cell Load>= Start threshold of load HO, bit 11th is set to 1,
otherwise is set to 0.
Neighbor cell: if Cell Load>=Receive threshold of load HO, bit 11th is
set to 1, otherwise is set to 0.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Process - 16 bit ranking
12th bit: bit value is decided by co-BSC criterion.
Serving cell: is always set to 0.
Neighbor cell: if co-BSC with the serving cell, 12th bit is set to 0, otherwise is set to 1.
When the signal level from the neighbor cell or the serving cell is lower than layer HO
threshold and hysteresis. This function is turned off and the value is set to 0.
If the parameter – “Co-BSC/MSC Adj.” in the HO control table is set to “No”, then this
function is turned off and the value is 0.
13th bit : Bit value is decided by Co-MSC parameter, having the same concept as the
12th bit.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Process - 16 bit ranking
14th bit: Layer HO threshold adjustment bit
15th bit: Bit value is decided by cell type
16th bit: Reserved bit
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Process
Measurements
Measurement reporting
MR preprocessing
Penalty processing
Cell Ranking
Handover Judgement
Handover execution
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Process
Intra-BSC Handover Signaling process
Measurements MSC
MS BTS1 BSC BTS2 MS
Measurement Report from MS
Measurement reporting Channel_Active
Channel_Active ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
MR preprocessing
Handover Access
Handover_Detect
Penalty processing PHY INFO
PHY INFO
First SABM
Cell Ranking
Establish_IND
Handover Complete
Handover Judgement Handover_Performed
Handover execution HO-REQUIRED
HO-REQUEST
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Types of HO
Emergency HO
TA HO
BQ HO
interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Load HO
Normal HO
Edge HO, layer cell HO and PBGT HO
Fast moving HO
Overlaid/underlaid HO
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TA&Bad Quality HO
TA HO criterion :
TA of the serving cell > TA Thrsh.
BQ HO criterion :
The average value of the uplink quality of the serving cell >
UL Qual. Thrsh.
The average value of the downlink quality of the serving cell > DL
Qual. Thrsh.
Requirements on the target cell
Select the first cell in the neighbor cell list
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Rx_Level_Drop HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Due to downlink signal level drop
Triggered upon detecting rapid level drop during MS busy mode.
Requirements for the target cell:
The target cell is the first cell in the neighbor cell list.
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Interference HO
Interference HO (DL&UL) :
When the receiving level > receiving threshold level.
But Receiving quality < threshold of quality interference.
Requirements for the target cell:
The target cell is in the cell list.
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Cell Load HO
Cell Load HO Criterions :
System load of BSC < Permissible load of HO threshold
Load of serving cell > Load HO threshold
Requirements for the target cell
Load of target cell < Load HO threshold
BTS
BSC
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Edge HO
Edge HO Criterion:
In N seconds, when there are P seconds that neighbor cell’s DL or MS’s UL
signal level is lower than the Edge HO threshold. Then the criterion is met
and Edge HO occurs. This method utilizes the P/N rule.
Requirements for the target cell:
The target cell should be ranked in front of the serving cell.
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Layer HO
Layer HO criterions:
Serving cell :
No requirement.
Target cell :
Layer of the target cell is lower than the serving cell.
Receive level of the target cell > layer cell threshold + layer cell hysteresis.
Target cell should be ranked in front of the serving cell. The priority of target cell
should be higher than the serving cell’s.
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PBGT HO
PBGT HO Criterions :
Target cell’s path loss is smaller than the serving cell’s path loss by the
PBGT threshold value.
Satisfying the P/N rule.
Target cell should be ranked in front of the serving cell.
Note :
PBGT HO can only occur between same-priority cell. If the system permits
PBGT HO for the cell, PBGT HO can occur in either inter-BSC or inter-
MSC.
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Fast-Moving HO
When the serving cell is micro cell :
When the MS has traveled through P numbers of cell, and there are Q (=<P)
numbers of cell that the MS has traveled in high speed, the criteria is
satisfied. MS will be handed over to umbrella cell.
When the serving cell is umbrella cell :
When the MS is traveling high speed in umbrella cell, a greater penalty can
be given to the micro cell for a duration of time (penalty time). In this way,
the MS will not use the micro cell. Note :In this case, the micro cell is only
used under urgency conditions( Poor TA and BQ ).
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Normal Overlaid/Underlaid HO
Criterion for HO from overlaid to underlaid:
TA value => TA threshold + TA hysteresis OR
RX_LEV <= RX_LEV threshold － RX_LEV hysteresis OR
Qua. =>Qua. threshold
Satisfying P/N rule
Criterion for HO from underlaid to overlaid:
TA value =< TA threshold － TA hysteresis AND
RX_LEV >=RX_LEV threshold + RX_LEV hysteresis AND
Qua. =<Qua. threshold
Satisfying P/N rule
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Thank You
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