Deformation

methods
Rolling: Is the process of shaping metals into semi-finished or finished
forms by passing between rollers, rotating in opposite directions.

Hot Rolling Cold Rolling

 Mechanical Grain
properties Structured
improved Refined

Impurities
Advantages Porocity
Uniformly
eliminated
Distributed

Low pressure
required
 Correct
temperature
Expensive Process
difficult to
maintain

Disadvantages Porocity
Poor Surface finish
eliminated

Difficult to
maintain close
tolerance
 Cold Rolling

• Same process as hot Rolling except that it is

done at room temperature
• Needs more pressure
• Surface finish is smooth
• Automotive components, bathtubs, furnitures
 Consistent and Grain
reliable end Structured
product quality Refined
Benefits
Lighter and
stronger
products
 Forging method

Manufacturing process
involving the shaping of a
metal through
hammering, pressing or
rolling
Drop forging

Open-die forging

Closed-die forging (impresion)

Roll forging

Press forging

Upset forging

Automatic hot forging

Precision forging

Isothermal forging
 Drawing
process
• Cold working process in which Tube drawing
the work piece is pulled through
a tapered hole in a die so as to
reduce its diameter
• Reduction of the diameter
through plastic deformation
while the volumen remains the
Wire drawing
same
• Accurate dimensions, specified
cross section, clean and excellent
quality of surface to work
• Increases strength and hardness Deep drawing
of metal
Powder methods
 Sintering

Process of compacting and

forming a solid mass of material
by heat or pressure without
melting it to the point of
liquefaction (metals, ceramics,
plastics)
 HIPing (Hot Isostatic Pressing)

• Uses the combination of high temperaturas

and high pressures to densify engineering
ceramics and hard materials.
• Improves mechanical properties such as
strength and reliability
• Argon o Nitrogeno, pressure applied uniformly
all sides
 Slipcasting

A liquid clay body slip (usually

mixed in a blunger) is poured
into plaster moulds and
allowed to form a layer, the
cast, on the inside walls
Special methods
 Rapid prototype
Stereolitografía (SLA)
• Is the fast fabrication of a
physical part, model or assembly Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

using 3D computer aided design Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

(CAD)
• The creation of the part, model
Selective Laser Melting

or assembly is usually completed Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)

using additive manufacturing, or

Digital Light Processing (DLP)
more commonly known as 3d
printing Binder Jetting
 Lay-up process
• Fiber reinforcements are place
by hand then wet with resin
• This process allows for almost
any reinforcing material to be
considered, chopped or mat.
• The resin and the catalyst blend
can be manipulated to allow for
ideal processing conditions
 Electro-form
• An electrolytic bath is used to
deposit nickel or other
electroformable metals onto a
conductive patterned surface,
such as steel.
• Produces an autonomus part
• Allows finer geometries, tighter
tolerances and more defined
Edge acuity