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Noroviruses
Teresa Kunkel
4-16-04
Honors Virology Presentation
To Be Discussed:
www.alltheviro
logyonthewww
.com
www.pub
med.gov;
PMID:
13679618
RdRp Structure
Crystal structure
from
www.pubmed.gov
PMID: 12706072
Replication Strategy
Replication suggested- Typical of positive-sense ss RNA viruses, unconfirmed
Reported by: EH Cramer, MD, D Forney, Vessel Sanitation Program; AL Dannenberg, MD, Div of Emergency and Environmental Health Svcs, National Center
for Environmental Health; MA Widdowson, VetMB, JS Bresee, MD, S Monroe, PhD, RS Beard, H White, MS, S Bulens, MPH, Div of Viral and Rickettsial
Diseases; E Mintz, MD, C Stover, MPH, Div of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Infectious Diseases; E Isakbaeva, MD, J Mullins, DVM, J Wright, DVM, V
Hsu, MD, W Chege, MD, J Varma, MD, EIS officers, CDC.
Prevention and Control
Highly Stable in environment-
resistant to:
freezing
heating to 60ºC
disinfection w/ chlorine
acidic conditions
vinegar
alcohol
high sugar concentration
Prevention and Control
Infection produces IgG, IgA and IgM, but
antibodies are not protective.
No lasting immunity or protection from
reinfection. Transient immunity- lasting 3-4
months.
Vaccine not likely.
No current antiviral drugs, however complete
recovery is most common.
Prevent by hand-washing, good hygiene, proper
water management, preparation of food.
Things to Remember for Exam
Defining structural characteristic(s).
Nucleic acid/ genome type.
How many open reading frames and what
each one contains (general).
Cell tropism and effects; hint- Does
Norwalk virus kill intestinal epithelial cells?
Infectious dose; environmental stability
Lasting immunity?; protective antibodies
produced?
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Norwalk-Like Viruses:”
Public health consequences and outbreak management. MMWR
2001; 50 (No. RR-9): [inclusive page numbers]. www.cdc.gov
- MMWR, 2003, Outbreaks on Cruise ships.