MONITORING & EVALUATION

PROGRAM KESEHATAN

Dr. SEPTO P ARSO, SKM, MARS

MATERI KULIAH
ADMINSTRASI KEBIJAKAN KESEHATAN
FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO 1
• Monitoring and evaluation are essential management
tools which help to ensure that health activities are
implemented as planned and to assess whether desired
results are being achieved.

• Monitoring:
1. To provide concurrent feedback on the progress of
activities
2.To identify the problems in their implementation
3.To take corrective action

Evaluation:
To assess whether the desired results of a programme
have been achieved if not how it should be redesigned

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 MONITORING

A process of measuring, recording,

collecting and analyzing data on
actual implementation of the
programme and communicating it to
the programme managers so that any
deviation from the planned operations
are detected, diagnosis for causes of
deviation is carried out and suitable
corrective actions are taken.

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1.It helps in setting norms of performance

2.It helps in measuring level of performance

3.It helps in comparing performance level with

standards or norms

4.It helps in identifying deviations and explain

the reasons for the deviation for taking
necessary corrective action

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 Monitoring and Planning

• The purpose of monitoring is to ensure that

programmes are implemented as planned.
• Preparation of action plan
• The plan should specify what needs to be done, who
is going to do it, and when it is to be done
• Inadequacy in planning will result in inadequacy in
monitoring

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 Monitoring process

• Detecting deviations from plans

• Diagnosing causes for deviations

• Taking corrective action

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 Different levels of Monitoring

• Managers at top level

– They have to develop health plans based on objectives, goals,
devise strategy and allocate necessary resources

• Managers at the middle level

– They are more concerned with whether they are getting desired
output from the inputs that are being utilized

• Managers at the operational level

– They have to supervise actual operations and to ensure that
planned activities are being carried out as per schedule

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 EVALUATION

It is a systematic way of learning from experience

and using the lessons learnt to improve current
activities and promote better planning by careful
selection of alternatives for future action

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 Reasons for carrying out an Evaluation

• To review the implementation of and services provided

by health programmes so as to identify problems and
recommend necessary revisions of the programme
• To assess progress towards desired health status at
national or state levels and identify reasons for gap, if
any
• To contribute towards better health planning

• To document results achieved by a project funded by

donor agencies
• To know whether desired health outcomes are being
achieved and identify remedial measures

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• To improve health programmes and the health
infrastructure

• Allocation of resources in current and future

programme

• To render health activities more relevant, more

efficient and more effective

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Types of Evaluation

• Total Evaluation
• Partial Evaluation
• Time related Evaluation
• Concurrent evaluation
• Terminal evaluation
• Pre-evaluation
• Internal evaluation
• External evaluation
• Etc

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 TOOLS OF EVALUATION

• Review of Records
• Monitoring
• Case studies
• Qualitative studies
• Controlled experiments and intervention studies
• Sample surveys

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 Who is performing Evaluation?

• The planner
• Adhoc research group
• Those responsible for health development
• Those responsible for implementation
• By the Community

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• What is to be evaluated?
• At what level is the evaluation is to be made?
• What is the purpose of evaluation?
• What are the constraints that could limit the utility of
evaluation?

• Basic steps of Evaluation

• Establishing standards and criteria

• Planning and methodology
• Collecting data
• Analyzing the data
• Taking action
• Re-evaluation

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 What is to be Evaluated?

• Evaluation of structure
• Evaluation of Process
• Evaluation of Outcome

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 Process of Evaluation

The process of evaluation consists of the

following components:

1. Specify the particular subjects

2. Information support
3. Verify relevance
4. Assess adequacy
5. Review progress
6. Assess efficiency
7. Assess effectiveness
8. And assess impact
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 INDICATORS

The indicators based on a valid, reliable, reproducible,

repeatable, sensitive, specific and relevant are used
to monitor and evaluate the various activities

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Types of indicators for evaluation

• Output indicators
• Process indicators
• Product indicators

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• The plan should identify key result areas and
define how they will be measured

• The plan should specify prioritize activities,

so that they receive adequate emphasis
during monitoring

• The plan should cater to local variations

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• Identify all inputs to be provided
• Activities to be carried out
• Outputs desired for the programme
• Select the key inputs, activities, output variables for
monitoring
• Identify the indicators for measuring the variables
• Prepare a plan for collecting and processing the
information on the selected indicators
• Prepare a format for giving feedback on these
indicators to managers responsible for
implementation

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 Evaluation Yes
GOALS&OBJECTIVES

Assessment
No
of health need

Monitoring

Establish
goals
Implementation &objectives
of programme
PLANNING CYCLE
Assessment
of resources
Time
frame

Select the Design Establishment

Action
best alternative of priorities
plan
alternative programme
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 EFFICIENCY &EFFECTIVINESS

• Monitoring & Evaluation are necessary to ensure

efficiency and effective uses of measure
• Efficiency is usually measured by the ratio of activity
to input
• Effectiveness is measured by the ratio of output to
activities

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 Monitoring Evaluation
• It determines
• It determines
Programme effectiveness
Programme efficiency
• It identifies
• It establishes standard
inconsistencies between
of performance at the
the programme
activity level
objectives and activities
• It forms a basis for
• It alerts the
Programme
management of
accountability
discrepancies between
• It alerts the
actual and anticipated
management of levels of programme
discrepancy impact
• It identifies strong • It suggests changes in
&weak points of programme procedures,
programme operations operation and objectives
• It identifies the possible
side effects of the
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programme
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