KSSM SCIENCE FORM 4

CHAPTER 1.0 SAFETY

MEASURES IN LABORATORY
1.1 Self-protection equipment
 1.1 Self-protection equipment
• Examples of self-protection
equipments are gloves, clothes and
lab shoes, eye wash, visor, hand
wash, fume cupboard, laminar flow,
biological safety cabinet, shower and
others.
Personal protective equipment on a student
and their functions
goggles
 goggles
• Protects the eyes from hazardous chemical
substances such as acid, bromine, ammonia
and reactive metals.
Face mask
 Face mask
• Protects the nose and mouth from inhaling
pungent and volatile chemical substances and
dust.
gloves
 gloves
• Gloves made of rubber protect the hands from
hazardous chemical substances.
Lab coat
 Lab coat
• A lab coat is made up of safety layers and is
easily removed if there is an emergency. The
lab coat is important to protect clothing from
damage.
lab shoes
 Closed shoes/safety shoes
• Closed shoes must be worn in the laboratory.
Their function is to protect the feet from
chemical substance spills and glass splinters.
eye wash
visor
hand wash
 Personal Protective Equipment in the
Laboratory
Safety shower

Eyewash station
 Safety shower
• The safety shower is used to immediately
clean and rinse parts of the body or clothing
that have come into contact with chemical
substances.
 Eyewash station
• The eyewash station is used to immediately
rinse and wash the eye that has come into
contact with chemical substances.
laminar flow cabinet
 laminar flow cabinet
• This cabinet is used to avoid contamination
when microbiological activities are carried
out.
fume cupboard
/fume chamber
 fume cupboard
/fume chamber
• The fume chamber is used to carry out
experiments that use substrates which are
volatile, flammable, poisononous, corrosive or
pungent.
biological safety cabinet
shower
1.2 Disposable of waste
1.2.1 Wastes that can be disposed
into wash basins
• Substances with pH value between 5
and 9
• Liquid or solution with low
concentration and not hazardous
 1.2.2 Substances that cannot be
disposed into wash basins
• Examples of substances that cannot be disposed
into wash basins are like solid wastes, substances
with pH value lower than 5 and more than 9,
organic compound solvents(Acetone, ethanol),
chemical substances (acids, grease, oil, oil paint,
hydrogen peroxides), toxic substances, heavy
metals, organic waste substances (microbes,
carcasses), radioactive wastes, volatile
substances and reactive substances
acetone
Ethanol
Acids
grease
Oil paint
hydrogen peroxides
heavy metals
organic waste substances (microbes)
organic waste substances (carcasses)
radioactive wastes
volatile substances
 reactive substances
• sodium, titanium tetrachloride, boron
triflouride, and acetic anhydride.
 1.2.3 Manage biological waste
substances
• Biological waste substances include disposed
biological substances that can cause serious
harm or biological hazards.
• These biological waste substances include
waste materials, tissue, carcasses, culture
medium, plastic containers, glass and gloves.
 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

• It is the procedure that is used for the purpose

of managing biological waste substances in a
laboratory.
1.2.4 Steps to handle accidents in
the laboratory
• Inform the teacher or the laboratory assistant
• Make the spillage area a restricted zone
• Stop the spillage from spreading by using sand
to form a boundary
• Scoop the chemical spillage
• Disposed of it safely
Steps in handling mercury spillage
• (i) Report to the teacher/laboratory assistants
• (ii) Make the spillage area as a restricted area
• (iii) Sprinkle sulphur powder to cover the
spillage
• (iv) Call the Fire Department
 1.3 Fire Extinguishers
1.3.1 Types of fire extinguishers:
a) Water (red) – flammable solids : cloth, paper,
wood…
b) Foam (cream) – wood, paper, oil, paint, natural
gas
c) Carbon dioxide (black) – electrical appliances,
gas and vapour
d) Dry powder (blue) – extinguishes all types of
fires
 Other fire extinguishers:
• ABC fire extinguisher
• Fire blanket
1.3.2 How to use a fire extinguisher
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUojO1Hv
C8c

• How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58naKHq
pCWo

• How to Use a Fire Extinguisher Before You

Need It | Consumer Reports
 1.3.4 Create a simple fire extinguisher
• PBL 1 STEM Project Based Learning (p.14)

• The kitchen has a variety of flammable substances such

as flour, sugar, oil and so on. The existence of fuel can
also be a source of fire at home.

Create a simple fire extinguisher that works by using

materials available at home.
• Note:
• The application of entrepreneurial elements is encouraged.