LAND USE AND

TRANSPORT
INTERACTION
Compact Cities & Transit Oriented
Development
What is a compact city?
It is one in which functions
required for daily life are
aggregated in the city center,
and one with a maintainable
city structure that retains an
appropriate population
density while remaining
resident-friendly and
environmentally friendly.
 Efficient usage of scarce land

Reduces travel time between office and

home

Characteri Low wastage of precious sub- urban

agricultural land
stics of Saving in per-capita infrastructure

Compact spending

City Lower per capita pollution

Enables faster execution of planned

development

Integrated approach to solve the social

problems arose.
WHY ARE COMPACT
CITIES NEEDED?
Expansion of urban areas with the
progress of motorization
 Transit Oriented
Development
◦ The exciting fast growing trend in creating
vibrant, livable, sustainable communities.
◦ It is the creation of compact, walkable,
pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use
communities centered around high quality
train systems. 
◦ Transit oriented development is regional
planning, city revitalization, suburban
renewal, and walkable neighborhoods
combined. 
◦ Transit oriented development is also a
major solution to the serious and growing
problems of climate change and global
energy security by creating dense, walkable
 ◦Developed in the early 1990’s by
Peter Calthorpe, the concept of
History of transit-oriented development

Transit (TOD) encourages

development of full and vibrant
the

Oriented communities designed to be

centered on transit facilities. The
Developm concept encouraged organizing
growth to be compact and transit-
ent supportive, mixing a variety of
commercial and residential real
estate within walking distance of a
transit stop, and promoting open
space and a sense of community.
◦In the Twin Cities, the Twin Cities Rapid Transit (TCRT) was created in
1891 and was championed by Thomas Lowry. Transit options at this time
updated rapidly, starting with the horse cars and then quickly switching
to the cable cars. From there, most cities moved to electric streetcars as
the main mode for transit, and Lowry capitalized on this option. 
◦The proliferation of the automobile in the 1920’s, and even more so post-
WWII, made the streetcar largely obsolete. By 1954, streetcars had been
completely replaced by buses in the Twin Cities. And from then until
now, space for parking has been a major factor for any development
project.
◦After WWII, households were able to own multiple cars and citizens
could easily travel longer distances to get to their workplaces. President
Kennedy in 1962 promoted the “economic efficiency and livability” in
urban areas. Because of this, federal funding was made available to
update and build new transportation systems.
 FACTORS DRIVING THE
TREND TOWARD TOD
Rapidly Growing
growing, mind- distaste for Growing desire
numbing traffic suburbia and for quality
congestion fry-pit strip urban lifestyle
nation-wide development
Changes in
Growing desire
family Growing
for more
structures: national support
walkable
more singles, for Smart
lifestyles away
empty-nesters, Growth
from traffic
etc

New focus of
Federal policy
 ◦Walkable design with pedestrian
as the highest priority
◦Train station as prominent feature
of town center
COMPONENT
◦Public square fronting train
S OF TRANSIT
station
ORIENTED
◦A regional node containing a
DEVELOPMEN mixture of uses in close proximity
T (office, residential, retail, civic)
◦High density, walkable district
within 10-minute walk circle
surrounding train station
◦Collector support transit systems
including streetcar, light rail, and
buses, etc
◦Designed to include the easy use
of bicycles and scooters as daily
support transport
◦Large ride-in bicycle parking areas
within stations
◦Bikeshare rental system and
bikeway network integrated into
stations 
◦Reduced and managed parking
inside 10-minute walk circle
around town center / train station
◦Specialized retail at stations
BENEFITS OF TOD
◦Higher quality of life with better places to live,
work, and play
◦Greater mobility with ease of moving around
◦Increased transit ridership
◦Reduced traffic congestion, car accidents and
injuries
◦Reduced household spending on transportation,
resulting in more affordable housing
◦Healthier lifestyle with more walking, and less
stress
Higher, more stable property values

Increased foot traffic and customers for area businesses

Greatly reduced dependence on foreign oil, reduced

pollution and environmental damage
Reduced incentive to sprawl, increased incentive for
compact development

Less expensive than building roads and sprawl

Enhanced ability to maintain economic competitiveness

 Transit Oriented
Development in the
Philippines
◦ A TOD has a railway station and PUV
transportation hubs; walkable
pedestrian and bicycle lanes; pedestrian
crossing along a road or connected to a
structure; a road network; community
areas such as parks, convention centers,
and theaters; commercial developments;
office buildings; high density residential
condominium developments; low-density
residential developments; and hotel
developments to complement the other
property sectors.
◦ There are already existing TODs within Metro Manila. These are
commonly mixed-use developments directly linked or located proximate to
transit systems such as the Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT) and
Manila Metro Rail Transit System (MRT). The map below shows some of
the notable TODs in Metro Manila:
Reference
https://transportgeography.org/?page_id=4882#targetText
=Transportation%2DLand%20Use%20Interactions&target
Text=The%20interactions%20between%20transportation
%20and,between%20transportation%20and%20land%20u
se.
https://www.iatss.or.jp/common/pdf/en/publication/comme
morative-publication/iatss40_theory_02.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/christoferarockiyaraj/compact-c
ity-43618557
http://www.tod.org/
https://thecityfix.com/blog/7-principles-transit-oriented-dev
elopment-tod-nossa-cidade-luisa-zottis/
https://www.jll.com.ph/content/dam/jll-com/documents/pdf/
research/apac/philippines/ph-better-metro-through-transit-
oriented-developments.pdf
 Submitted to:
Rei Robin Roland Tumambing, CE,RMP

Submitted by:
John Eduard Cadevida
Jessa Cleofe
Christine Joy Mendoza
Jet Bhon Mendoza