Data Communications

and Networking

OSI

1
OSI-OPEN SYSTEMS
INTERCONNECTION
 An open system is a set of protocol that
allows any two different systems to
communicate regardless of their
underlying architectures.
 It was designed by ISO-International
Organization for Standardization in
late1970s.
OSI-OPEN SYSTEMS
INTERCONNECTION
 It is a seven-layer model.
 It is a theoretical model designed to
show how a protocol stack should be
implemented.
OSI-OPEN SYSTEMS
INTERCONNECTION
 The purpose of the OSI reference model is to
guide vendors and developers so the digital
communication products and software
programs they create will interoperate, and to
facilitate clear comparisons among
communications tools. Most vendors involved
in telecommunications make an attempt to
describe their products and services in
relation to the OSI model.
OSI layers
 Mnemonics

(A)ll 7.) (A)pplication (A)nymore

(P)eople 6.) (P)resentation (P)eople
(S)eem 5.) (S)ession (S)ells
(T)o 4.) (T)ransport (T)rust
(N)eed 3.) (N)etwork (N)ot
(D)ata 2.) (D)ata Link (D)o
(P)rocessing 1.) (P)hysical (P)lease
Physical Layer

 The physical layer is responsible for

transmitting individual bits from one node to
the next. Functions of physical layer:
 Physical characteristics of interfaces and
media
 Representation of bits
 Data rate
 Synchronization of bits
Physical Layer
Byte-serial Data Transmission

 The data link layer is responsible for

transmitting frames from one node to the next
FUNCTIONS OF DATA LINK LAYER:
 Framing
 Physical addressing
 Flow control
 Error control
 Access control
 Network Layer

The network layer is responsible for the delivery

of packets from the original source to the final
destination
• FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK LAYER:
 Logical addressing
 Routing
 Transport Layer

The transport layer is responsible for delivery of a

message from one process to another (process-
to-process delivery)
FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT LAYER:
 Port addressing
 Segmentation and reassembly Connection
control
 Flow control
 Error control
 Session Layer

The session layer is the network dialog

controller. It establishes, maintains, and
synchronizes the interaction between
communicating systems
FUNCTIONS OF SESSION LAYER:
 Dialog control
 synchronization
 Presentation Layer

 The presentation layer is concerned with the

syntax and semantics of the information
exchanged between two systems
FUNCTONS OF PRESENTATION LAYER:
 Translation

 Encryption

 Compression

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Application Layer

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 Application layer

The application layer enables the user, whether

human or software, to access the network. It
provides user interfaces and support for
services.
FUNCTIONS OF APPLICATION LAYER:
 Network virtual terminal
 File transfer, access, and management(FTAM)
 Mail services
 Directory services
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OSI Layers

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