HC110113013 Link State Routing With OSPF

Link State Routing with OSPF
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Foreword
OSPF is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) designed for IP networks, that

is founded on the principles of link state routing. The link state behavior
provides many alternative advantages for medium and even large
enterprise networks. Its application as an IGP is introduced along with
information relevant to the understanding of OSPF convergence and
implementation, for supporting OSPF in enterprise networks.
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 2
Objectives
Upon completion of this section, trainees will be able to:

 Explain the OSPF convergence process
 Describe the different network types supported by OSPF
 Successfully configure single area OSPF networks
Open Shortest Path First （ OSPF ）
RTA
RTB Site B
OSPF RIP
O
Site A SP
F
ov
er
M
RTC PL
S
OSPF
 Minimal Routing Traffic
 Rapid Convergence Site C
 Scalable
 Accurate Route Metrics
OSPF Convergence Behavior
RTA
RTB
LSDB
LSA Flooding
OSPF LSA of RTA
Site A
LSA of RTB
RTC LSA of RTC
destination next hop cost

..... ..... ... SPF Algorithm
..... ..... ... Route Calculation
..... ..... ...
..... ..... ...
..... ..... ...
IP Routing Table Shortest Path Tree
Router ID
2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1
RTB RTA
RTC
3.3.3.3
 A router ID is a 32 bit value used to identify each router running

the OSPF protocol.
OSPF Supported Network Types
2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1
RTB RTA
Broadcast
3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4
RTC RTD
 Ethernet based networks adopt the broadcast network type by

default.
2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1
RTB RTA
Broadcast
2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1
RTB RTA
Point-to-Point
 Serial technologies such as PPP and HDLC will default to the

Point-to-Point network type.
DR
it
Vir
it
Vir
cu
cu
tua
Cir
tua
Cir
l
Ci
l
al
Ci
al
tu
rc
tu
rc u
uit
Vir
Vir
ATM/FR
it
ATM/FR
Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA) Point to Multi-Point
 ATM & Frame Relay default to Non-Broadcast Multi-Access.
Designated Router & Backup Designated Router
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
RTA RTB
BDR DR
RTC RTD
3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4
 Designated Routers limit the number of adjacencies necessary

in broadcast (Ethernet) networks.
Neighbor States
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
RTA RTB
Neighbor
Adjacent Adjacent
BDR DR
RTC RTD
3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4
 Defines form of relationship between neighbors.

 Two neighbor states are possible, neighbor and adjacent.
Link State Establishment
Down
Attempt
Init
2-Way Neighbor
ExStart
Exchange
Loading Full Adjacent
 State changes allow for neighbor relationships to be achieved.
Neighbor Discovery
RTA RTB
Hello
Hello
Hello Interval Options Router Priority
Router Dead Interval
Designated Router
Backup Designated Router
Neighbor
 The Hello protocol is responsible for neighbor discovery and

maintenance for two way communication between neighbors.
Designated Router Election
RTA RTB
Priority=0 (Priority=1)
Broadcast
DR (Priority=255)
Broadcast
RTC
RTD
DR (Priority=255)
[RTD]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[RTD-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
 A Designated Router is elected based on the priority value.
Backup Designated Router Election
RTA RTB
Priority=0 BDR (Priority=1)
Broadcast
DR (Priority=255)
Point-to-Point
RTC
RTD
 The Backup Designated Router (BDR) forms adjacencies with

all other routers and will become the DR if the existing DR fails.
OSPF Metric
RTB (Router ID:

RTA (Router ID: 1.1.1.1)
2.2.2.2)
G0/0/0
[RTA]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf cost 20
[RTB]ospf
[RTB-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 10000
 The cost metric is based on the formula 108/bandwidth

 The bandwidth reference command improves metric accuracy
Shortest Path Tree
RTB RTE
20.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8
RTA RTD
RTC
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.0/24
[RTC]display
[RTC]display ip
ip routing-table
routing-table
……
……
Destination/Mask
Destination/Mask Proto
Proto Pre
Pre Cost
Cost Flags
Flags NextHop
NextHop Interface
Interface
10.0.0.0/8
10.0.0.0/8 OSPF
OSPF 10
10 20
20 DD 192.168.1.4
192.168.1.4 G0/0/0
G0/0/0
20.0.0.0/8
20.0.0.0/8 OSPF
OSPF 10
10 20
20 DD 192.168.1.4
192.168.1.4 G0/0/0
G0/0/0
OSPF
OSPF 10
10 20
20 DD 192.168.2.1
192.168.2.1 G0/0/1
G0/0/1
 Each router calculates the shortest path to all other networks
OSPF Areas – Single Area
RTA
Area 0 RTB
RTD RTF
RTC
RTE
 A single link state database for the administrative domain.

 Any area number can be assigned but area 0 is recommended.
OSPF Areas – Multi Area
RTA
Area 0 RTB
Area 1 Area 3
RTD RTF
RTC
RTE
Area 2
 Areas build separate LS databases, minimize impact of change
OSPF Network Advertisement
Area 0
RTA RTB
G0/0/0 G0/0/0
.1 192.168.1.0/24 .2
Router ID: 1.1.1.1 Router ID: 2.2.2.2
[RTA]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

[RTA-ospf-1]area 0
[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
 The network command defines the network to be advertised

 Route advertisements are forwarded based on areas.
Configuration Validation
[RTA]display
[RTA]display ospf
ospf peer
peer
OSPF
OSPF Process
Process 11 with
with Router
Router ID
ID 1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1
Neighbors
Neighbors
Area
Area 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 interface
interface 192.168.1.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s
192.168.1.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors
neighbors
Router
Router ID:
ID: 2.2.2.2
2.2.2.2 Address:
Address: 192.168.1.2
192.168.1.2
State:
State: Full
Full Mode:Nbr
Mode:Nbr is
is Master
Master Priority:
Priority: 11
DR:
DR: 192.168.1.2
192.168.1.2 BDR:
BDR: 192.168.1.1
192.168.1.1 MTU:
MTU: 00
Dead
Dead timer
timer due
due in
in 40
40 sec
sec
Retrans
Retrans timer
timer interval:
interval: 55
Neighbor
Neighbor is
is up
up for
for 00:00:31
00:00:31
Authentication
Authentication Sequence:
Sequence: [[ 00 ]]
OSPF Authentication
RTA RTB
G0/0/0 G0/0/0
Password:huawei
[RTA]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 huawei
 OSPF supports two forms of authentication, simple password or

cryptographic authentication.
OSPF Silent Interface
RTA RTB
G0/0/0 G0/0/0
192.168.1.0/24
[RTA]ospf
[RTA-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 The silent-interface command prevents an interface from

forming neighbor relationships with peers.
Configuration Validation
[RTA]display
[RTA]display ospf
ospf 11 interface
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF
OSPF Process
Process 11 with
with Router
Router ID
ID 1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1
Interfaces
Interfaces
Interface:
Interface: 192.168.1.1
192.168.1.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
Cost:
Cost: 11 State:
State: DR
DR Type:
Type: Broadcast
Broadcast MTU:
MTU: 1500
1500
Priority:
Priority: 11
Designated
Designated Router:
Router: 192.168.1.1
192.168.1.1
Backup
Backup Designated
Designated Router:
Router: 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
Timers:
Timers: Hello
Hello 10
10 ,, Dead
Dead 40
40 ,, Poll
Poll 120
120 ,, Retransmit
Retransmit 55 ,, Transmit
Transmit
Delay
Delay 11
Silent
Silent interface,
interface, No
No hellos
hellos
Summary
 What is the purpose of the dead interval in the OSPF header?

 In a broadcast network, what is the multicast address that is used by
the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) for
listening for link state update information?
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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Link State Routing with OSPF

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

OSPF is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) designed for IP networks, that

Upon completion of this section, trainees will be able to:

RTC LSA of RTC

destination next hop cost

IP Routing Table Shortest Path Tree

 A router ID is a 32 bit value used to identify each router running

 Ethernet based networks adopt the broadcast network type by

 Serial technologies such as PPP and HDLC will default to the

Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA) Point to Multi-Point

 ATM & Frame Relay default to Non-Broadcast Multi-Access.

 Designated Routers limit the number of adjacencies necessary

 Defines form of relationship between neighbors.

Loading Full Adjacent

 State changes allow for neighbor relationships to be achieved.

Hello Interval Options Router Priority

Router Dead Interval

Backup Designated Router

 The Hello protocol is responsible for neighbor discovery and

 A Designated Router is elected based on the priority value.

Priority=0 BDR (Priority=1)

 The Backup Designated Router (BDR) forms adjacencies with

RTB (Router ID:

[RTA]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

 The cost metric is based on the formula 108/bandwidth

 Each router calculates the shortest path to all other networks

 A single link state database for the administrative domain.

 Areas build separate LS databases, minimize impact of change

[RTA]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

 The network command defines the network to be advertised

 OSPF supports two forms of authentication, simple password or

 The silent-interface command prevents an interface from

 What is the purpose of the dead interval in the OSPF header?

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