TEKNIK PENGUKURAN DAN

SUNGAI PERHITUNGAN
SEDIMEN
TSP21-361 (2 sks)

Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng

Dr. Ir. R.J. Kodoatie, M.Eng
from river
Ir. Dwi Kurniani, MS.
improvement to Dr. Dyah Ari W., ST., MT.
river restoration
 ANALISA 1. SEDIMEN LAYANG (SUSPENDED
ANGKUTAN LOAD)
SEDIMEN SUNGAI 1) Sediment Rating Curve (C vs Qw), atau
(Qs vs Qw)
2) Discharge Rating Curve (Qw vs H)
SUSPENDED LOAD (Ts) :
• Butiran bergerak di atas dasar
3) Lengkung Masa Debit.
secara melayang.
• Berat butir terus menerus
dikompensasi oleh gerak
turbulensi air.
2. SEDIMEN DASAR (BED LOAD)
• Dapat diukur secara wajar, 1) Karakteristik Material Dasar (Grain Size
dengan mengambil sampel. Graph, ρs)
BED LOAD (Tb) :
• Butiran bergerak di dasar secara 2) Geometri Sungai
menggelinding (rolling), 3) Discharge Rating Curve (Qw vs H)
menggeser (sliding) atau
meloncat (jumping). 4) Lengkung Masa Debit.
• Dapat dihitung dengan rumus
semi empirik.
 1. Suspended Sediment Sampling
MEASUREMENT 1) Vertical Concentration Gradient
OF SUSPENDED 2) Sampling Location
3) Depth-Integrating Sampler
LOAD 4) Point Integrating Sampler
2. Continuous Turbidity Measurement
1) Type of Turbidimeters
2) Relationship between Turbidity and
Suspended Solids
3) Limitations of Turbidity Data
3. Bed Load Sampling
1) Bed Load Transport
2) Bed Load Sampling
3) Continuous Bed Load Measurement
 1. The US DH-95TM is a light-weight
MEASUREMENT suspended-sediment/water-quality
OF SUSPENDED sampler capable of being used as a
LOAD hand-line sampler.

2. It is approximately the same size as

the US DH-59 and US DH-76
samplers.   Neither the US DH-59 or
US DH-76 can meet the standards for
a "clean" water-quality/suspended
sediment samplers.
 SNI Tata cara pengambilan contoh
muatan sedimen melayang di
3414:2008
sungai dengan cara integrasi
kedalaman berdasarkan
pembagian debit
MEASUREMENT
OF SUSPENDED
LOAD
 Methods of Sampling
MEASUREMENT • Depth Integrating Method:
OF SUSPENDED – Water depth < 4.5 m two direction (up and down)
LOAD – 4.5 m < Water depth < 9 m one direction
– Water Depth > 9 m vertical should be divided into
some parts
• Point Integration Method:
– Two points; one from surface and the other from
the bottom
– Three points; one from surface, second from mid‐
depth and third from bottom.
– Two points; one from 80 % and the other 20% of
water depth C mean = 3/8*C1 + 5/8*C2
 Frequency of Sampling:
MEASUREMENT • Variations in the sediment load occur
OF SUSPENDED due to;
LOAD – Storm characteristics
– Size, shape, geological and topographic
features of drainage area
– Stream characteristics
• Sediments should be measured twice a
week but sampling intervals can also be
varied from day to a week during low
and mean water or daily during floods.
 Suspended Sediment Load Samplers
MEASUREMENT
• Instantaneous Suspended Load
OF SUSPENDED
Samplers
LOAD
• Time Integrating Suspended Load
Samplers
– Point‐Integrating Suspended
Sediment Samplers
– Depth‐Integrating Suspended
Sediment Samplers
MEASUREMENT
OF SUSPENDED
LOAD
 The US DH-2A Sampler
MEASUREMENT
The US DH-2A is an enhanced version of
OF SUSPENDED
the US DH-2 sampler developed by the
LOAD Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project
(FISP). 
 Qs= 0,0864 a CQwb
MEASUREMENT
OF SUSPENDED where:
Qs = suspended transport, in tons
LOAD
per day,
Qw = discharge, in cubic feet (cubic
meters) per second,
C = konsentrasi sedimen, mg/lt
0,0864 = angka konversi satuan
a = coefficient, and
b = exponent.
a dan b diperoelh dari hasil regresi.
Tanggal Jam Q, m3/dt C, mg/lt
3-Dec-92 0:00
6:00 1.18 127
DATA HASIL PENGUKURAN
12:00
17:00
2.79
1.80
129
145
KONSENTRASI SEDIMEN LAYANG
21:00 11.24 1,250
21:30 21.78 1,675
22:00
22:30
34.29
41.17
1,890
7,920
Nama Sungai : Lusi
23:00
23:30
60.04
76.66
7,945
8,420
Lokasi : ..
4-Dec-92 0:00
0:30
92.67
108.65
8,529
8,670
Waktu Pengukuran : ..
1:00 133.56 9,015
1:30 136.65 9,112
2:00 143.96 9,004
2:30 179.26 8,971
3:00
3:30
151.93
157.31
6,240
6,751 Apa yang perlu diukur:
4:00
5:00
160.03
161.12
6,685
6,742 1. Penampang sungai (cross section)
2. Tinggi muka air (Peil schall atau
6:00 154.61 6,021
8:00 136.13 6,080
10:00 118.42 4,200
12:00 94.51 4,478 AWLR)
14:00 72.31 4,560
16:00 54.15 3,798 3. Kecepatan Arus
18:00 9.64 3,981
5-Dec-92 6:00
12:00
6.47
3.91
2,605
1,070
4. Pengambilan sampel air untuk analisa
6-Dec-92
17:00
6:00
5.14
3.10
895
623
konsentrasi sedimen layang
12:00 1.54 305
17:00 0.02 317
 Sactter plot data konsentrasi sedimen layang terhadap
LENGKUNG debit air.
SEDIMEN
LAYANG
LENGKUNG
DEDIMEN
LAYANG
LENGKUNG SEDIMEN
LAYANG
LENGKUNG DEBIT
Q vs h

Data yang diperlukan:

1. Data penampang
sungai,
2. Data tinggi muka air
atau kedalaman air,
3. Data kecepatan arus.
 LENGKUNG
MASA DEBIT

Data yang diperlukan:

Debit harian rerata
selama satu tahun.
1. Data diurutkan dari
besar ke kecil,
2. Hari dalam satu
tahun diubah menjadi
frequensi, sehingga
total dalam 1 tahun
adalah 100%.
3. Plot dalam grafik
seperti di samping.
 TABEL PERHITUNGAN SEDIMEN LAYANG TAHUNAN
PERHITUNGAN Middle Qw = Qs =
Limits, % Interval Qw, m3/s Qs, t/day
SEDIMEN LAYANG [1] [2]
ordinate
[3] [4] [5]
[2]x[4]/100
[6]
[2]x[5]/100
[7]
TAHUNAN 0.00 - 0.02
0.02 - 0.1
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.06
40.0
29.4
30,942
16,592
0.008
0.024
6.19
13.27
0.1 - 0.5 0.4 0.30 17.5 5,806 0.070 23.22
0.5 - 1.5 1.0 1.00 7.10 935 0.071 9.35
1.5 - 5.0 3.5 3.25 3.27 195 0.114 6.82
5 - 15 10 10 1.25 28 0.125 2.78
Data yang diperlukan:. 15 - 25 10 20 0.59 6 0.059 0.61
1. Sediment rating curve 25 - 35 10 30 0.40 3 0.040 0.28
(lengkung laju sedimen) 35 - 45 10 40 0.30 2 0.030 0.15
45 - 55 10 50 0.23 0.90 0.023 0.0904
2. Lengkung masa debit. 55 - 65 10 60 0.18 0.55 0.0180 0.0550
65 - 75 10 70 0.13 0.28 0.0130 0.0285
75 - 85 10 80 0.10 0.17 0.0100 0.0167
85 - 95 10 90 0.068 0.077 0.0068 0.0077
95 - 98.5 3.5 96.75 0.048 0.038 0.0017 0.0013
98.5 - 99.5 1.0 99.00 0.038 0.024 0.00038 0.0002
99.5 - 99.9 0.4 99.70 0.034 0.019 0.00014 0.0001
99.9 - 99.98 0.08 99.94 0.030 0.015 0.00002 0.0000
99.98 -100 0.02 99.99 0.030 0.015 0.00001 0.0000
Qw = 19,362,978 m3/yr Total 0.614 62.875
Qs = 22,949 ton/yr
C = 1,185 mg/lt
BED LOAD
 BEDLOAD Title: Small Bedload Sampler
• Description: Named for co-inventors Ed Helley and
MEASUREMENT
Winchell Smith; built in the 1960s by Vigus and Lyle,
machinists in the Geology Department of the
University of California, Berkeley. This sampler was
first used in California and later at several locations
around the country. Bedload samplers are used to
sample sand, silt, gravel or rock debris carried by a
stream or immediately above the stream bed. This
sampler weighs 65 lb, larger versions weigh over 100
lb. Object ID: USGS-000760
 BEDLOAD
MEASUREMENT

Measured bedload
sediment for 55
various Colorado Rivers
(from Williams and
Rosgen 1989)

Qb = 0,0002644 Qs1,2064, R2 = 0,45

 Hydrological Services Handheld Bedload Sampler
BEDLOAD Hand Held Sampler
• Easy to Use
MEASUREMENT • Used for Wading Measurements
• Field Sample Weighing System
• Cast Aluminium Construction
SPECIFICATION
Orifice: 76mm x 76mm
Body: Epoxy coated cast aluminium
Wading Rods: (2 X 0.5 m ) Stainless Steel
Sections supplied as standard.
Additional 0.5 m sections are
available on request
Sample Bag: Polyester mono filament bag of 0.2mm mesh - will not
absorb water.
Carry Bag: Canvas
Packed Weight : 4 kg
Packed Dimension: (700x300x300) mm
 • The sediment grabber is a simple device, the
BEDLOAD
MEASUREMENT sort of thing that shows up in Engineering
Statics homework assignments: it's open as it
drops to the bottom, because there's no force
on the handles; when you pull up on the
handles, it closes, trapping a chunk of mud
and gravel (sediment) inside. Then you haul it
back on the boat, dump the contents in a big
box with a mesh bottom, and wash away the
mud to eveal the biomass -- usually
flatworms. (Ugh. I am so not a biologist.)
 BEDLOAD
MEASUREMENT

Pengambilan sample material

dasar sungai dengan Grab
ANALISA UKURAN
BUTIRAN

Sampel material dasar di

bawa ke laboratorium
untuk dianalisis
karakteristiknya:
1. Grain size analisis,
dengan ayakan
dan/atau hydrometer
2. Berat jenis material
3. Bentuk Hasil analisis karakteristik sedimen digunakan untuk
4. dll menghitung angkutan sedimen daras dengan menggunakan
rumus yang sdh dijelaskan pada pertemuan sebelumnya.
 Sediment Grade Scale Approximate Threshold Conditions for Granular Material

GRAIN SIZE
(Julien, 1995) (Julien 1995).
         
    Diameter -- Angle of Repose --
Class Name Size range [mm]

DISTRIBUTION  
Sand ----------
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
Class Name Type
ds
mm
Ratio
H:V
f
degrees
    > from Horiz.
Very coarse 2.000 - 1.000  
Boulder Very Large 2048 1.11 : 1 42
Coarse 1.000 - 0.500  
  Large 1024 42
Medium 0.500 - 0.250  
  Medium 512 42
Fine 0.250 - 0.125  
  Small 256 42
Very fine 0.125 - 0.062  
Cobble Large 128 42
            Small 64 1.15 : 1 41
Silt ----------         Gravel Very Coarse 32 1.19 : 1 40
Coarse 0.062 - 0.031     Coarse 16 1.28 : 1 38
Medium 0.031 - 0.016     Medium 8 1.38 : 1 36
Fine 0.016 - 0.008     Fine 4 1.43 : 1 35
Very fine 0.008 - 0.004     Very Fine 2 1.54 : 1 33
          Sand Very Coarse 1 1.6 : 1 32
Clay ----------           Coarse 0.5 1.66 : 1 31
Coarse 0.00400 - 0.00200     Medium 0.25 1.73 : 1 30
  Fine 0.125 30
Medium 0.00200 - 0.00100  
  Very Fine 0.0625 30
Fine 0.00100 - 0.00050  
Silt Coarse 0.03125 30
Very fine 0.00050 - 0.00024  
  Medium 0.015625 30
 BEDLOAD
CORRECTION

Pada kondisi di mana

sedimen dasar tidk ada
pengukuran dan/atau
sulit dilakukan
perhitungan, maka
sedimen dasar
diprediksi berdasarkan
konsentrasi sedimen
laying dan material
dasar sungai, seperti
table di samping
Sumber: USBR (1960). Design of Small Dams
 ASSIGNMENT
Menghitung angkutan sedimen layang tahuan
Silakan buka di menu assignment atau tugas