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Prepared by:
Harish C
Divya M
Kartikagouda K
Soumya R
Poornima S
Shweta L
Sahana W
 Introduction
Core material:
 Basic material are Alloy Steel having
main content Silicon & carbon
 Which increases permeability & reduces
losses
 HRS: Hot rolled steel
 HRS not used now a days
 As it has random direction &hard to
measure Magnetic properties

CRGOS:Cold rolled grain oriented

steel

 CRGOS shows excellent Magnetic

properties
 So CRGOS is more used
Core construction
 Due to Pulsating flux, core should
be laminated
 Transformer of larger size may
forms in
cut “C” or cut “E” type.

 Types of Interleaving:
I. Simple Interleaving
II. Meter core Interleaving:
1) 45 ˙
2) 33 ˙ /55 ˙ overlapping
 In 3-Ø Shell type transformer middle
winding is reversed
 If not then 73% more core is used
which leads in increase in over all
Transformer winding
 Concentric Sandwich
 Spiral: It is used  Sandwich: mostly used
100 A& for low for shell type transformer
Voltage Winding  Control leakage
 Mechanically very reactance
strong  HV & LV are near so
 Helical :Intermediate leakage flux is
range of current reduced
 Suitable for LV  mmf of each section is
winding same.
of large transformer
 Cross-over: suitable of
current not exceeding 20
A
 Use for HV winding of
small transformer
 Continuous disc: no of
turns wound radially over
one another
 separated by spacers
 HV winding
 Mechanically strong
 Insulations
Two main kinds of
Insulations:
1. Major Insulation:
 Insulating cylinder between LV & core
 Also between HV & LV
 Insulating barriers between limbs, coils &
core
yoke
 Oil impregnated paper used as it has high
dielectric strength
2. Minor Insulation:
 Insulation between
individual turns & between layers
 Conductor Insulation: paper&cotton
 Air insulated Transformer
insulation used is glass tap
 Bushing
 Up to 66kv non-condenser bushing are used is
porcelain & oil filled

 Above 66kv condenser bushing are used

for economic reasons.

 Condenser type bushing: It is formed by

inserting Aluminum foiled layers into a
paper winding at predetermined radius.

 “Partial capacitance”

 In outdoor substation the

bushing are covered by
a porcelain rain shade
 Tappin
g
 Main two location:
1. Inside Tank
2. Outside Tank
 Considered as integral part of transformer

Tapping operation

(1)On load (2)Off load

tap tap
changer changer
 Tapping is terminated just bellow oil level
 External handle
 Taping is done on HV winding
 Provided in middle (axial & radial force)
 Transformer Tank
 Plain sheet steel
Tank

 Tube Tank

 Corrugated
Tank

 Radiator Tank

 Tank with
separate
coolers
 Conservator
 What is Conservator ?

 The expansion of oil from

Transformer tank takes up in
Conservator

 When oil contracts, air from

atmosphere enters in
Conservator .

 Risk of contamination of oil in

transformer

 Breather valve is mounted to avoide

moisture
 Buchholz Relay
 Operation:
 Gas operated relay
 AT the time of fault to maintain the continuity
of the supply
 Fault detected particularly in incipient
stage , major fault can be avoided
 Which is placed between conservator
and transformer tank
 Transformer
oil
 Double purpose :
 ie cooling & Insulating

 Permittivity is 2.5

 As per I.A.S breakdown strength of

oil used must be 50kv RMS

 Major disadvantage is sluging

 To overcome this, synthetic oil is

prefered

 One of the e.g is Chlorinated dephenyl is

Workshop
(TPT DEPT)

WINDING SHOP

CORE AND ACTIVE PART

FINAL ASSEMBLY

QUALITY TEST

FINAL TESTING
 WINDING SHOP
 TYPES OF WINDING

i. NORMAL
WINDING
ii. INTERLEAVE WINDING
ROTAR
iii. TERITARY WINDING Y
HORIZONTAL HELICAL
K-
MACHINES TRANSPOSITION
TYPE
CONTINUOUS
VERTICAL
DISC

• End Rings & shielding for prevention purpose

 Conductor
Insulation:
1. Precompressed press board insulation(CRIP
PAPER)
2. Craft paper
3. Also spacers as insulation

 Moisture Control

 Winding Auto Clave: Uses temp. of

110º C to 130º C and Vacuum
of about 0.4 to
0.5 mbar.
 Insulating Oven : Uses Heating Only

 Pressure Machine
 Brazing Machine with use of
SILPHOS ALLOY
PROCEDURE:-
 CORE &
ACTIVE PART
ACTIVE PART
 C.R.G.O. STRIPS
 1-STRIP HAS WIDTH OF 0.27 mm
 COIL OR WINDING ASSEMBLY
PROCEDURE:
 Manufacturing of LIMB
 Core Insulation
 Removal of TOP FRAM for Coil assembly
 Winding insulation detail
 TOP YOKE FILLING
 VAPOUR PHASE OVEN
 HV & LV leads from top & bottom to the bushings
 REGULATING COILS to the tap changer
 FINAL ASSEMBLY
 Installation of active part and assembly of
accessories
 TRANSFORMER TANK

• JOINED AT
BELL BOTTOM
TYPE SIDE

• JOINED AT
CONVECTIONAL UPPER
TYPE
SIDE
ACCESSORIE
S::
 Blanker : Leakage of oil &
Radiators adjointment

 Buchholz Relay: To trip the

transformer

 OSR (oil serge relay): To indicate the

level and quality of oil

 MOLG(magnate oil gage): It indicates

the
level of oil in the conservator

 Breather Valve: Provide dry air using

silica gel and have air seal of
neoprene
 Cooling Equipment: Generally for cooling
Method of Cooling:
i. ONAN- Oil natural and air natural
ii. ONAF- Oil natural and air forced
iii. OFAF- Oil forced and air forced
iv. For very high temp using HEAT
EXCHANGER

 CT(Current
Transformer):Two
purposes;
1. Winding temp indicator (WTI)
2. Oil temp indicator (OTI)
 BUSHINGS: The leads from top and
bottom of the winding are brought out to
a length of few cm only and the outdoor
terminal of the transformer are provided
by bushings
PROCEDURE:
 Vacuuming of Tank(up to 0.3 mbar) for about
24hrs to 36hrs

 The Leak Rate Test with the use of water &

air

 Oil Test which includes BDV & PPM

 Oil Filling

 After the IMPREGNATION TIME the whole

accessories are to be attached.
 QUALITY
TEST
 ANALYSIS WITH “SIGMA CARD”

 Sigma card includes below required data

 Design
 Process Time
 M/C size specification
 Process of manufacturing
 Dimension specification
 Testing specification
 Information about control points
 FINAL
TESTING
ROUTINE TESTS TYPE TESTS

NO LOAD TETS
TEMPRETURE
TEST

LOAD LOSS

INSULATIO IMPULSE TEST

N TEST

CAPACITANCE & ZERO SEQUENCE

TAN δ IMPEDANCE
TEST

SEPARAT
E HARMONIC AND
SOURCE NOISE LEVEL
TEST

INDUCED OVER
VOLTAGE

WINDING TEST

VOLTAGE RATIO
 CT (CURRENT TRANSFORMER)
 Generally CT is use for the below
four purposes:
 Measurement of Current
 Measurement of Power
 Isolation between High voltage and
Low Voltage
 Inputs to Relays & Protection Systems
 PROCEDURE OF
CURRENT TRANSFORMER:
 CO NDUCTORS USES :ALUMINIUM
OR COPPER(HIGH CURRENT RATING)

 In the manufacturing of the primary winding or

protection core there will be the creation of the
capacitance as below.

 GRADING & SUB GRADING.

 MAIN GRADING HAS WRAPPED
ALUMINIUM FOIL & CRIP PAPER
 AT 300MM DISTANCE PERFORATED ALU.
FOIL (400MM) AND CRIP PAPER.
 SIMULTANEOUSLY INSULATION
Quartz in CT

 Reduces the quantity of oil

 Provides mechanical strength for the
conductors
 Improves the quality of oil by
absorbing moisture
 Being a bad conductor of heat, it allows
slow heating /cooling of the CT.
 Finally expansion tank is attached and after
that evacuation of oil and gas filling will
be there .
 There is also one imp term is D3 point
which is also called the earth point.

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Thank
You