Hydropower

-Fundamentals
-Water Turbines
Fundamentals of Hydropower
a. Type of Hydrosystem

Low head (run of the river only) Medium head (stored only)

High head (run of the river or stored)

Fundamentals of Hydropower
a. Type of Hydrosystem
Large scale
• Cheaper per kW
• Quick import – delivered on a
turnkey basis
• Can serve urban demand
• Fisheries/leisure
Small scale (<1MW)
• Little (or no) dependence on
overseas technologies
• Capacity building
– Can use local
labour/materials
• Close to (rural) users
• Mostly “run of river” so no
reservoir problems
Fundamentals of Hydropower
b. Parts of Hydrosystem: Ideals
Harus dapat mengatasi
flow yang sangat besar
yang diperlukan oleh
turbin
2
1 1

3 Panjangnya diusahakan
sependek mungkin??

4 Letaknya harus dekat

dengan pemukiman
untuk mereduksi biaya
transmisi dan juga mudah
diakses (e.g maintanace)

5
Fundamentals of Hydropower
b. Parts of Hydrosystem: part of powerhouse

Control generator Coupling Turbine

Fundamentals of Hydropower
c.Power Available : Energy Equation

Bernouli Equation!!
Cek materi
perkuliahan
Mekanika fluida
Fundamentals of Hydropower
C. Energy Equation: Flow in pipes No friction, no shaft work
Fundamentals of Hydropower
C. Energy Equation: Flow in pipes No friction, no shaft work
Fundamentals of Hydropower
C. Energy Equation: Flow in pipes frictionequations

Darcy’s
Formula

Aliran
turbulen
Fundamentals of Hydropower
C. Energy Equation: Flow in pipes friction & shaft work
Fundamentals of Hydropower
C. Energy Equation: Flow in pipes friction & shaft work
Turbines
• Impulse
– Pelton wheel
– Turgo
– Crossflow
• Reaction
– Radial (e.g. Francis)
– Axial (e.g. propeller, Kaplan)
Turbines
Pelton Wheel
Turbines
Pelton Wheel
Turbines
Pelton Wheel
Turbines
Turgo
Turbines
Turgo
Turbines
Cross-Flow
Turbines
Francis
Turbines
Francis
Turbines
Propeler
Turbines
Kaplan
Turbines
Characterising Turbine
Turbines
Characterising Turbine