Reservoir Fluid

Arasy Az Zariat

Analysis
Real Gas
REAL GAS
• In dealing with gases at a very low pressure, the ideal gas relationship is
a convenient and generally satisfactory tool.
• At higher pressures, the use of the ideal gas equation-of-state may lead
to errors as great as 500%, as compared to errors of 2–3% at
atmospheric pressure.
• The magnitude of deviations of real gases from the conditions of the
ideal gas law increases with increasing pressure and temperature and
varies widely with the composition of the gas.
• Real gases behave differently from ideal gases.
• The reason for this is that the perfect gas law was derived under the
assumption that the volume of molecules is insignificant and that no
molecular attraction or repulsion exists between them. This is not the
case for real gases
Gas Compressibility Factor
To express a more exact relationship between the variables p, V, and T,
a correction factor called the gas compressibility factor, gas deviation
factor, or simply the z-factor, must be introduced to account for the
departure of gases from ideality.

Z factor is a dimensionless quantity and defined as the ratio of the actual

volume of n-moles of gas to the ideal volume of the same number of
moles at the same T and p:
Gas Compressibility Factor
Gas Compressibility equation can be written in terms of the apparent
molecular weight Ma and the weight of the gas m:
REAL GAS

Z factor is not constant. Vary with changes in gas composition, T, and P

and must be determined experimentally.
REAL GAS
Practice
Calculate the mass of methane gas contained at 1.000 psia and 68oF in
a cylinder with volume of 3.3 ft3. Methane acts as real gas.
Solution
Law of Corresponding States
All pure gases have the same z-factor at the same values of reduced
pressure and reduced temperature.
Practice
Determine the specific
volume of 1 mole methane
at 918 psia and 117oF!
Solution
Compressibility Equation of State for Gas Mixtures
Obtaining critical point for multicomponent mixtures is difficult. Hence,
term of pseudocritical temperature and pseudocritical pressure is
invented. Simply used for correlation critical properties.

Kay’s Miture Rules :

Physical properties of gas mixture are correlated with Pseudoreduced

Temperature and Pseudoreduced Pressure
Compressibility Equation of State for Gas Mixtures
Practice
Calculate the pseudocritical temperature and pseudocritical pressure of
the gas of the following composition
Solution
Practice
Solution
Practice
Solution
Practice
Practice
Solution
Gas Compressibility Factor in Unknown Gas
Composition
Standing (1977)
Practice
Calculate the pseudocritical properties and gas compressibility factor of a
natural gas mixture with specific gravity of 0.699 at 3000 psia and 180 F
Solution
Direct Calculation Gas Compressibility Factor
The Hall-Yarborough Method (1973)
Direct Calculation Gas Compressibility Factor
The Dranchuk-Abu-Kassem Method (1975)
Direct Calculation Gas Compressibility Factor
The Dranchuk-Purvis-Robinson Method (1974)
Other Equation of State for Real Gas
Van der Waals (1873)
Two constant equation of state

Cubic equation of state

Clausius (1880) Wohl (1927)

Dietrici (1899)

Lorentz (1881)
Recent Development of Equations of State
Redlich Kwong Equation of State

Soave – Redlich Kwong (SRK) Equation of state

Recent Development of Equations of State
Peng-Robinson Equation of State
Recent Development of Equations of State
Mixing Rules
GROUP HOME WORK 5
GROUP HOME WORK 5
REFERENCE

• Reservoir Engineering Hand book - Ahmed T. 4th Edition

• The Properties of Petroleum Fluid - Mc Cain
• Natural Gasoline and The Volatile Hydrocarbons – George Granger Brown et al.