LANGUAGE EDUCATION

PROBLEMS OVER TIME

• THE CORE CURRICULUM ISSUE
• CULTURE X LANGUAGE INTERRELATION
• TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT AND GENERATIONAL GAP
• INSTRUCTIONAL. MATERIAL INADEQUACIES
• DISORDERS THAT AFFECTS LANGUAGE LEARNING
 THE CORE CURRICULUM ISSUE

A distinction is commonly made between foreign

language (LF) learning and second language (L2)
learning. In foreign language (LF) learning the target
language is studied in a school setting in a
classroom. In second language (L2) learning the
new language is initially learned without the aid of
formal instruction, through exposure in a natural
setting.
 THE CORE CURRICULUM ISSUE

In addition, a distinction is commonly

made between the mother tongue
language (L1), that is the language of
the home and the national language
(LN) that is the language of the country
in which a person lives.
 THE CORE CURRICULUM ISSUE
In many parts of the world it is
necessary for young people to become
proficient in both their mother tongue
(L1), their national language (LN), a
foreign language (LF) and possibly a
second language (L2).
 WHY IS IT AN ISSUE?

The learning of languages, involving both the

national language (LN) and a foreign language (LF)
is comprised of learning the four skills of listening,
speaking, reading and writing. The mastery of
all four sets of skills appears to be required for
successful learning both of the national language
(LN) and a foreign language (LF), if these languages
are to be used in both national and global settings.
(Keeves & Darmawan, 2007)
 WHY IS IT AN ISSUE?

IT CAN BE VERY OVERWHELMING

FOR ANYONE.
THIS ISSUE IS POTENTIALLY SOLVED BEST BY:
• Krashen's (1981) suggestion that learning LN,
LF, L1, L2 and so on may need classroom
instruction (reading and writing) and
acquisition (listening and speaking).
• Carroll (1963) posed however that achieving
most success for conducting such methods
should monitor five factors.
 CARROLL’S FACTORS TO LANGUAGE
LEARNING
• Aptitude = Time/Attention (Failure may lead to
Premature Transition)
• Perseverance = Willingness
• Opportunity = Availability
• Comprehension Towards Instruction = Absorption
• Quality of Instruction = Clarity
THE CULTURE X LANGUAGE INTERRELATION

• Structural differences
• Wide varieties
• Policies and ethical uses
 TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT / GENERATION GAP (AGE)
1st grade: Hong Kong (including kindergarten, nursery
school), Taipei in Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
the UAE
3rd grade: Korea, China, 9 cities in Taiwan
4th grade: Israel
6th grade: Iran, Vietnam
7th grade: Japan, Indonesia (Choi &
Lee, 2008)
 WHY IS IT AN ISSUE?
Technology in language learning can highly affect
the entire process as most of the population now
rely on far more advanced mediums than traditional
means. It may hinder the transition and thorough
procedure of the entire education if either the
learners or teachers only have minimum amount of
technological knowledge at their disposal.
 INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL INADEQUACIES
"Textbook publishers have been reluctant to invest in the
development of materials in any language other than English
due to limited marketability. The same holds true for
supplemental and reference materials." (Cardenas, 1993)

***Disables exploration and practice of other

languages as mode of instruction in physical books
aside from the current Lingua Franca.
 DISORDERS AFFECTING LANGUAGE
LEARNING

• Dysgraphia
• Dyslexia
• Deafness
• And many others that may affect the
process