BIVARIATE ANALYSIS

• Unlike descriptive statistics,

which are used to describe the
characteristics (i.e.
distribution, central tendency,
and dispersion) of a single
variable, inferential statistics
are used to make inferences
about the larger population
based on the sample.
• Since a sample is a small subset of the
larger population (or sampling frame), the
inferences are necessarily error prone.
That is, we cannot say with 100%
confidence that the characteristics of the
sample accurately reflect the
characteristics of the larger population (or
sampling frame) too.
• Hence, only qualified inferences can be
made, within a degree of certainty, which
is often expressed in terms of probability
(e.g., 90% or 95% probability that the
sample reflects the population).
• Typically, inferential statistics deals
with analyzing two (called BIVARIATE
analysis) or more (called
MULTIVARIATE analysis) variables. In
this discussion, we will limit ourselves
to 2 variables, i.e. BIVARIATE
ANALYSIS.
• Bivariate analysis is one of the
simplest forms of quantitative
(statistical) analysis. It involves the
analysis of two variables (often
denoted as X, Y), for the purpose of
determining the empirical relationship
between them.
•  In order to see if the variables are
related to one another, it is common
to measure how those two variables
simultaneously change together
 Univariate
analysis
• Univariate analysis is the
simplest form of quantitative
(statistical) analysis. The analysis
is carried out with the description
of a single variable in terms of the
applicable unit of analysis. 
• For example, if the variable "age"
was the subject of the analysis, the
researcher would look at how
many subjects fall into given age
attribute categories.
•univariate analysis
commonly involves
reporting measures
of central tendency -
 (arithmetic)
mean, median, mode )
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