Centrifugal Pump

What is Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump is a machine that uses rotation to impart velocity
to a liquid and then converts that velocity into flow
How does it work
• Centrifugal pumps are used to induce flow or raise a liquid from a low level
to a high level. These pumps work on a very simple mechanism. A
centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, often from a motor, to energy
in a moving fluid.
• The two main parts that are responsible for the conversion of energy are the
impeller and the casing. The impeller is the rotating part of the pump and
the casing is the airtight passage which surrounds the impeller. In a
centrifugal pump, fluid enters into the casing, falls on the impeller blades at
the eye of the impeller, and is whirled tangentially and radially outward until
it leaves the impeller into the diffuser part of the casing. While passing
through the impeller, the fluid is gaining both velocity and pressure.
Main Parts of Centrifugal Pump
Impeller. Impeller is a rotor used to increase the kinetic energy of the flow.
Casing (Volute). The casing contains the liquid and acts as a pressure
containment vessel that directs the flow of liquid in and out of the
centrifugal pump.
Shaft (Rotor). The impeller is mounted on a shaft. Shaft  is a mechanical
component for transmitting torque from the motor to the impeller.
Shaft sealing. Centrifugal pumps are provided with packing rings or
mechanical seal which helps prevent the leakage of the pumped liquid.
Bearings. Bearings constrain relative motion of the shaft (rotor) and
reduce friction between the rotating shaft and the stator.
Thank You
Types of Centrifugal Pump
• SINGLE STAGES PUMP
The single stage pump is a single impeller pump, and the design and
maintenance of this pump are very simple. These pumps are perfect for
huge flow rates as well as low-pressure fixing. Single stage pumps are
normally used in pumping services like high-flow & low to moderate
total dynamic head (TDH).
Type of Centrifugal Pump
• TWO STAGE PUMP
The two-stage pump can be built with two impellers which are working
side by side. These pumps are mainly used in middle head applications.
Type of Centrifugal Pump
• MULTI STAGE PUMP
The multi-stage pump can be built with two or three impellers which
are connected in series. These pumps are used for high head service.
Advantages of Centrifugal Pump
• These pumps do not include drive seals that reduce leakage risk.
• These pumps are used to pump out harmful and risky fluids
• These pumps have magnetic coupling that can be damaged simply in
overload situations as well as protects the pump from external forces.
• The motor and pump are separated from each other so heat transfer
is impossible from the motor to pump.
• These pumps generate low friction.
Disadvantages of Centrifugal Pump
• The energy loss can be occurred due to the coupling that generates
some magnetic resistance.
• Once the intense load occurs, possibilities are there for the coupling
fall.
• If fluids with ferrous particles are pumped out, then rust occurs &
over the time pump stops working.
• When the flow of liquid is less through the pump, then the
overheating can occur.