Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Features of motivation:
Can be positive or negative
Goal-oriented
Complex in nature
System oriented
Different from job satisfaction
Continuous process
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Motivational theories can be classified into
Content Process
Theories Theories (How
(What and why
motivates motivation
us?) occurs?)
• Adam’s equity
Theory
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs Theory • Goal-setting
Theory
• Alderfer’s ERG Theory
• McClelland's three-needs • Reinforcement
Theory
Theory
• Heinsberg's Motivation- • Expectancy Theory
Hygiene Theory
NEED THEORY
Focuses on what people require to live fulfilling lives.
SATISFACTION
(reduction of the
ACTIONS (Goal-
drive and
directed behavior)
satisfaction of the
original need)
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS THEORY
Developed by Abraham
Maslow.
1. Existence needs
2. Relatedness needs
3. Growth needs
He stressed that when higher needs are frustrated, lower needs will
return even though they were already satisfied.
MCCLELLAND – NEED FOR
ACHIEVEMENT, AFFILIATION AND POWER
McClelland described three human motivators and claimed that humans
acquire and learn their motivators over time. Also referred as the
depends on our culture and life experiences. The three motivators are:
• achievement
• affiliation
• power
THE TWO-FACTOR THEORY
OF MOTIVATION
Also called motivation-hygiene theory
Equity: Ratio between the individual’s job inputs and job rewards.
TASK COMPLETION
Managers typically supervise
the quality of the work product their employees produce, ensuring that
projects are completed on schedule
SAFETY
Manager supervision often covers adherence to
safety standards, particularly in potentially dangerous industries
PRODUCTIVITY
Managers are responsible for the productivity of their staff.