Level 1 what is the Significance of this bridge

• What is it?
• Where is it?
• What is so great about it?
• Which country?
• Which continent?
• And why the hell should I know anything about it?
• Gyan or learnings from this picture?
 Level 2
Okay this is Bosphorus bridge - So what?
 Level 3

This is in Turkey so what?

 Level 4

This bridge connects Asia and Europe and it is a part of

Turkey, so what ?
 Level 5

Turkey is the most unique country in the world. Half of it is in Asia and
half of it is in Europe and it is very close to Africa.

It is a get away for three continents in the world. Amazing isn’t it!
In how many countries is the
currency rupee used?
8
India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Mauritius, Maldives, Indonesia and
Seychelles,
Most valuable currency?
Kuwaiti Dinar

240 Indian rupees for a Kuwaiti Dinar

Least valuable currency
• Iraqi Dinar

• 1 Indian rupee = 600 IRR (official)

• 1 Indian rupee = 1, 600 IRR (Unofficial)
Which human being appears in most
currencies?
• Queen Elizabeth II in as many as 35 countries currency as the head of
the commonwealth
If you are IB savvy what would you
be doing now?
Checking out on Boeing 737 Max 8
Why?
As it costs a whopping Rs 850 crores and world airlines are struggling to
find a why to fly it and at the same time to make it safe for the
passengers.
Officially named the Republic of India, India is a South Asian nation that shares land
borders with China, Nepal and Bhutan to its north-east, Burma and Bangladesh to its east,
and Pakistan to its west.

India Exported US $ 323.1 billion worth of products around the globe in 2018. That dollar
figure represents a 1.7% increase since 2014 and a 9.2% gain from 2017 to 2018.

Applying a continental lens, almost half (49.3%) of Indian exports by value were delivered
to fellow Asian countries. Another 19.3% was sold to European importers while 18% went
to North America.

Smaller percentages went to Africa (8.3%), Latin America (2.9%) excluding Mexico but
including the Caribbean, then Oceania (1.3%) led by Australia.
• Geographically, the location of Turkey is in both Europe and Asia.
• The question of Turkey’s continental affiliation is an often debated one.
While Turkey claims to be an integral part of Europe many countries do not
agree and Turkey is yet to be included in the European Union.
• Turkey is bound by Bulgaria to the north-west, the Black Sea to the north,
Georgia and Armenia to the northeast, Iran, and Iraq to the east, Syria, and
the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Greece, and the Aegean Sea to the
west. It also shares maritime boundaries with Russia, Ukraine, Romania,
Cyprus, and Egypt.
• The eastern region of Turkey—the Anatolian peninsula forms the
westernmost fringe of Asia and is referred to as Asia Minor. The eastern parts
of the country beyond the Bosporus are within Europe.
• Turkey is spread over 302,455 square miles of area and is home to over
79,814,870 people. While most of Turkey lies in Asia, one of the country’s
most populated city Istanbul lies in Europe. Close to Egypt and Libya too.
• Below is a list highlighting 15 of India’s top trading partners in terms of countries that imported the most Indian
shipments by dollar value during 2018. Also shown is each import country’s percentage of total Indian exports.
• United States : US$ 51.6 billion (16% of total Indian exports)
• United Arab Emirates : $ 29 billion (9%)
• China : $ 16.4 billion (5.1%)
• Hong Kong : $ 13.2 billion (4.1%)
• Singapore : $ 10.4 billion (3.2%)
• United Kingdom : $ 9.8 billion (3%)
• Germany : $ 9 billion (2.8%)
• Bangladesh : $ 8.8 billion (2.7%)
• Netherlands : $ 8.7 billion (2.7%)
• Nepal : $ 7.3 billion (2.3%)
• Belgium : $ 6.8 billion (2.1%)
• Vietnam : $ 6.7 billion (2.1%)
• Malaysia : $ 6.5 billion (2%)
• Italy : $ 5.5 billion (1.7%)
• Saudi Arabia : $ 5.5 billion (1.7%)
• About three-fifths (60.4%) of Indian exports in 2018 were delivered to the above 15 trade partners.
• India incurred an overall -$184.5 billion trade deficit for all products during 2018, expanding 24.5% from its -$148.2 billion in red ink one year
earlier.
•

As defined by Investopedia, a country whose total value of all imported goods is higher than its value of all exports is said to have a negative trade
balance or deficit.
•

It would be unrealistic for any exporting nation to expect across-the-board positive trade balances with all its importing partners. That export
country doesn’t necessarily post a negative trade balance with each individual partner with which it exchanges exports and imports.
•

India incurred the highest trade deficits with the following countries:
• China : -US$ 57.3 billion (country-specific trade deficit in 2018)
• Saudi Arabia: -$ 22.9 billion
• Iraq : -$ 21.2 billion
• Switzerland : -$ 16.8 billion
• Iran : -$ 11.9 billion
• South Korea : -$ 11.6 billion
• Indonesia : -$ 11.2 billion
• Australia : -$ 10.4 billion
• Qatar : -$ 8.9 billion
• Nigeria : -$ 8.4 billion
• Among India’s trading partners that cause the greatest negative trade balances, Indian deficits with Iraq (up 50.9%), Saudi Arabia (up 44.3%) and
Iran (up 40.9%) grew at the fastest pace from 2017 to 2018.
•

These cash-flow deficiencies clearly indicate India’s competitive disadvantages with the above countries, but also represent key opportunities for
India to develop country-specific strategies to strengthen its overall position in international trade
Based on Investopedia’s definition of net importer, a country whose total value of all imported goods is lower than its value of all exports is said to have a
positive trade balance or surplus.

India incurred the highest trade surpluses with the following countries:
• United States : US$ 19 billion (country-specific trade surplus in 2018)
• Bangladesh : $ 7.9 billion
• Nepal : $ 6.9 billion
• Netherlands : $ 5 billion
• Sri Lanka : $ 3.3 billion
• Turkey: $ 3.3 billion
• United Kingdom : $ 2.7 billion
• Spain : $ 2.4 billion
• United Arab Emirates : $ 2.2 billion
• Kenya : $ 2 billion
• Among India’s trading partners that generate the greatest positive trade balances, Indian surpluses with the Netherlands (up
60.5%), Nepal (up 35.1%) and Spain (up 26.6%) grew at the fastest pace from 2017 to 2018.

These positive cashflow streams clearly indicate India’s competitive advantages with the above countries, but also represent
key opportunities for India to develop country-specific strategies to optimize its overall position in international trade.

 
Companies Servicing Indian Trading Partners

• India placed over 50 corporations on the Forbes Global 2000 rankings. Many of these are major Indian export
companies. Below is a selection of some of the biggest Indian corporations.
• Reliance Industries (oil, gas)
• Tata Motors (cars, trucks)
• Indian Oil (oil, gas)
• Coal India (diversified metals, mining)
• ITC (tobacco)
• Bharat Heavy Electricals (electrical equipment)
• Hindalco Industries (aluminum)
• Tata Steel (iron, steel)
• Bharat Petroleum (oil, gas)
• Hindustan Petroleum (oil, gas)
• Sun Pharma Industries (pharmaceuticals)
• Steel Authority of India (iron, steel)
• Bajaj Auto (recreational products)
• Hero Motocorp (recreational products)
• Grasim Industries (construction materials)
• JSW Steel (iron, steel)
 India's foreign Trade for April –March 2017-18
Merchandise +
  Merchandise (P) Services* (P)
Services (P)
Values Values in
% Values in USD
  in USD USD %Growth
Growth billions
billions billions
Exports 302.84 9.78 175.31 17.63 478.15
Import 459.67 19.59 105.65 19.74 565.32
Trade
-156.83 44.54 69.66 14.56 -87.17
Balance
Source: DGCI&S for Merchandise; for Services RBI
Summary table of recent India Foreign Trade(in billion $):[15][16] [17]

Year Export Import Trade Deficit

1999 36.3 50.2 -13.9
2000 43.1 60.8 -17.7
2001 42.5 54.5 -12.0
2002 44.5 53.8 -9.3
2003 48.3 61.6 -13.3
2004 57.24 74.15 -16.91
2005 69.18 89.33 -20.15
2006 76.23 113.1 -36.87
2007 112.0 187.9 -75.9
2008 176.4 305.5 -129.1
2009 168.2 274.3 -106.1
2010 201.1 327.0 -125.9
2011 299.4 461.4 -162.0
2012 298.4 500.4 -202.0
2013 313.2 467.5 -154.3
2014 318.2 462.9 -144.7
2015[18] 310.3 447.9 -137.6
2016 262.3 381 -118.7
2017 275.8 384.3 -108.5
 Value (US$
Rank Commodity HS Code billion) Share (%)
1 Refined Petroleum 27 61.2 19.2

2 Gems, precious metals, 71 41.2 13

coins
3 Vehicles 87 14.5 4.6

4 Machines, engines, 85 13.6 4.3

pumps
5 Organic chemicals 29 12.1 3.8
6 Pharmaceuticals 30 11.7 3.7
7 Cereals 10 10.1 3.2
8 Iron and steel 72 9.1 2.9

9 Clothing (not knit or 58 9.1 2.9

crotchet)
10 Electronics 85 9.1 2.8
 Value (US$
Rank Commodity HS Code billion) Share (%)
1 Oil 27 177.5 38.3
2 Gems, precious metals, coins 71 60 13
3 Electronics 85 32 6.9
4 Machines, engines, pumps 85 31.2 6.7
5 Organic chemicals 29 18.3 4
6 Plastics 39 11.8 2.6
7 Iron and steel 72 11.4 2.5
8 Animal/vegetable fats and oils 15 10.7 2.3
9 Ores, slag and ash 26 7.4 1.6
10 Medical and technical equipment 90 7.1 1.5