COMPARATIVE

DEGREE

Sukmawati Vera Oktavia

 COMPARATIVE DEGREE
Two persons, things or places are being
compared with one adjective or adverb to
show that one has more quality or quantity
of the adjective or adverb than the other.
The adjective or adverb takes ‘r’ or ‘er’ to
its positive form, and is said to be in
comparative form.
The conjunction ‘than’ is used to connect
the two clauses.
Comparative Degree

Progressive
Parallel Degree
Degree
 Progressive Degree:
• Two adjectives or adverbs are being compared to
show that one continues to increase (or
decrease) when the other increases. (or
decreases)
• The adjective or adverb is in its comparative form
with the definite article ‘the’ before it.
Example:
The steeper the hill the more difficult it is to push
the rock.
 Parallel Degree:
• The quality or quantity of the adjective or
adverb continues to increase (or decrease) as
the time passes.
• The adjective or adverb in its comparative
form is repeated using the conjunction.
Example:
The days are getting hotter and hotter.
It is getting hotter and hotter day by day.
• A raccoon is smaller than an elephant but
bigger than a mouse.

• Ray swam faster than James did

• The dog on the left is bigger than the other

dog.
 Comparative Adjectives
The Comparative Degree of an adjective in Latin is formed
according to the following formula:
Comparative = Stem + ior, ior, ius
The Comparative is ALWAYS an Adjective of the 3rd
Declension, but uses 3rd Declension noun endings.
The Comparative Adjective is translated according to the
following formula:
Comparative = More [Adjective], [Adjective]er
NB: The Latin suffix –ior and the English suffix –er are
cognate with one another.
 Comparative Adjectives
Comparative = Stem + ior, ior, ius
Laetus, a, um  Stem = laet
M F N
Laetior Laetior Laetius
Laetioris Laetioris Laetioris
LaetioriLaetiori Laetiori
Laetiorem Laetiorem Laetius
Laetiore LaetioreLaetiore

Laetiores Laetiores Laetiora

LaetiorumLaetiorum Laetiorum
Laetioribus LaetioribusLaetioribus
Laetiores Laetiores Laetiora
Laetioribus LaetioribusLaetioribus
 Comparative Adjectives
Comparative = Stem + ior, ior, ius
Pulcher, Pulchra, Pulchrum  Stem = pulchr
M F N
Pulchrior Pulchrior Pulchrius
Pulchrioris Pulchrioris Pulchrioris
Pulchriori Pulchriori Pulchriori
Pulchriorem Pulchriorem Pulchrius
PulchriorePulchriore Pulchriore

Pulchriores Pulchriores Pulchriora

Pulchriorum Pulchriorum Pulchriorum
PulchrioribusPulchrioribus Pulchrioribus
Pulchriores Pulchriores Pulchriora
PulchrioribusPulchrioribus Pulchrioribus
 Comparative Adjectives
Comparative = Stem + ior, ior, ius
Felix, Felicis  Stem = felic
M F N
Felicior Felicior Felicius
Felicioris Felicioris Felicioris
Feliciori Feliciori Feliciori
FelicioremFeliciorem Felicius
Feliciore Feliciore Feliciore

Feliciores Feliciores Feliciora

Feliciorum Feliciorum Feliciorum
Felicioribus Felicioribus Felicioribus
Feliciores Feliciores Feliciora
Felicioribus Felicioribus Felicioribus
 Comparative Adjectives
Comparative = Stem + ior, ior, ius
Fortis, is, e  Stem = fort
M F N
Fortior Fortior Fortius
Fortioris FortiorisFortioris
Fortiori Fortiori Fortiori
Fortiorem Fortiorem Fortius
Fortiore Fortiore Fortiore

Fortiores Fortiores Fortiora

Fortiorum Fortiorum Fortiorum
Fortioribus FortioribusFortioribus
Fortiores Fortiores Fortiora
Fortioribus FortioribusFortioribus
 Comparative Adjectives
Comparative = Stem + ior, ior, ius
Acer, Acris, Acre  Stem = acr
M F N
Acrior Acrior Acrius
AcriorisAcrioris Acrioris
Acriori Acriori Acriori
Acriorem Acriorem Acrius
Acriore Acriore Acriore

Acriores AcrioresAcriora
Acriorum Acriorum Acriorum
Acrioribus Acrioribus Acrioribus
Acriores AcrioresAcriora
Acrioribus Acrioribus Acrioribus
 Comparative Adjectives
Comparative = Stem + ior, ior, ius
Celer, Celeris, Celere  Stem = celer
M F N
Celerior Celerior Celerius
Celerioris Celerioris Celerioris
Celeriori Celeriori Celeriori
Celeriorem CelerioremCelerius
Celeriore Celeriore Celeriore

Celeriores Celeriores Celeriora

Celeriorum Celeriorum Celeriorum
Celerioribus Celerioribus Celerioribus
Celeriores Celeriores Celeriora
Celerioribus Celerioribus Celerioribus
 Comparative Adjectives
NB:
(1) Most adjectives ending in –eus (and some
ending in –ius) form their Comparative Degree
by using the adverb magis, ‘more,’ with the
adjective.
Exemplum:
Idoneus, a, um – suitable
 magis idoneus – more suitable
 Comparative Adjectives:
Object of Comparison
NB:
(2) When the Comparative Adjective is used, Latin can
express the object of the comparison in one of two
ways:
(1) quam – the adverb ‘quam’ means ‘than.’ The
object of comparison goes in the same case as the
noun modified by the Comparative.
(2) Ablative of Comparison – the object of comparison
goes in the Ablative case. ‘quam’ is not used.
 Comparative Adjectives:
Object of Comparison
Exempla:
Frater altior quam ego est.
Frater altior me est.

Maiores hostes ferociores quam illos

pugnaverunt.
Maiores hostes ferociores illis pugnaverunt.
 Comparative Adjectives:
Object of Comparison

Exempla:
Frater altior quam ego est.
Frater altior me est.
My brother is taller than me.
Maiores hostes ferociores quam illos pugnaverunt.
Maiores hostes ferociores illis pugnaverunt.
Our ancestors fought enemy fiercer than these.
 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE

A horse can run

faster
than
a dog.
 Created By :
Sukmawati Vera Oktavia
XII Analis Kesehatan 2