DRAUGHT

IS DEFINED AS THE FORCE

REQUIRED TO DRAW.
• Boiler Furnace has to
be supplied with Air
and Flue gas has to
be evacuated from
the Furnace
– DRAUGHT LOSS
– STACK EFFECT
– DRAUGHT
DIFFERENCE
• DRAUGHT LOSS
– Pressure drop due
to System
Resistance P1 P2
• STACK EFFECT P1
– Pressure
difference due to
elevation
difference P2
• DRAUGHT
P1 P2
DIFFERENCE
– Sum of Draught
Loss and Stack
Effect
P2 P1
DRAUGHT TYPES
• NATURAL DRAUGHT

• MECHANIZED DRAUGHT
MECHANISED DRAUGHT
• FORCED DRAUGHT SYSTEM

• INDUCED DRAUGHT SYSTEM

• BALANCED DRAUGHT SYSTEM

210 MW BOILER LAYOUT-
LOCATION OF FANS
COMPONENTS OF BOILER
DRAUGHT SYSTEM
• Fans
• Air preheaters
• Ducts and dampers
• Stack/Chimney
 What is a fan?
• A fan is a volumetric machine
moving quantities of air or gas by
imparting it enough energy to set
it into motion
• The purpose of a fan is to convey a
volume of a gaseous medium
through a system and to over
come all resistance to flow in its
path.
 What is a fan?
• A fan essentially consists of a
bladed rotor or impeller which
does the work and a housing
which collects and directs the fluid
discharged by the impeller.
• The energy requirement depends
on volume of the fluid moved,
resistance against which the fan
works and machine efficiency.
 ASME classification of fans,
blowers and compressors

Equipment Specific Ratio Pressure rise (mmWg)

Fans Up to 1.11 1136

Blowers 1.11 to 1.20 1136 – 2066

Compressors more than 1.20 -

 FAN LAWS
• VOLUME FLOW IS PROPORTIONAL TO
FAN SPEED
• HEAD IS PROPORTIONAL TO
SPEED SQUARE
• POWER IS PROPORTIONAL TO
SPEED CUBE
• STATIC PRESSURE DEVELOPED IS
PROPORTIONAL TO GAS DENSITY
• POWER IS PROPOTIONAL TO GAS
DENSITY
 TYPES OF FAN

• RADIAL FLOW FAN

(CENTRIFUGAL FAN)

• AXIAL FLOW FAN

RADIAL FLOW FAN
AXIAL FLOW FAN
 RADIAL FAN
• Use Blades
mounted on an
impeller which
rotates within a
spiral or volute
casing.
• Blade Design
determines the
fan
characteristic
 RADIAL FAN TYPES

R a d ia l F a n s

S in g le S u c t io n D o u b le S u c t io n

S im p ly S u p p o r t e d Over Hang
RADIAL FAN - SIMPLY SUPPORTED
RADIAL FAN - SIMPLY SUPPORTED
RADIAL FAN - SIMPLY SUPPORTED
RADIAL FAN - OVER HANG
 RADIAL FAN CONSTRUCTION
DETAILS
• IMPELLER WITH
SHAFT ASSEMPLY
• BEARINGS
• SUCTION
CHAMBER AND
SPIRAL CASING
• FLOW
REGULATING
DEVICE
• COUPLING
IMPELLER WITH SHAFT ASSEMPLY
IMPELLER WITH SHAFT ASSEMPLY
IMPELLER
HOLLOW AIRFOIL BLADES
 RADIAL FAN BLADE TYPES
• FORWARD
CURVED

• STRAIGHT

• BACKWARD
CURVED
 RADIAL FAN BLADE TYPES

Backward curved bladed fan can operate at high speed

than other types for the same application.
Higher
efficiency
and low
Power
consumption
in in
backward
curved
bladed fans
 RADIAL FAN BLADE
TYPES
• BLADE SELECTION DEPENDS ON
– Speed Limitations
– Allowable noise levels
– Efficiency demanded by specified load
conditions
– Desired fan performance
characteristic in the most likely range
of operation
– Tolerance to corrosion and erosion
– Maximum attainable mechanical
efficiency
 EFFECT OF BLADE TYPE
ON EROSION RESISTANCE
AND EFFICIENCY
Blade Type Efficiency Tolerance
to Erosion
Straight 70 High
Forward 80 Medium
Backward 85 Medium
Airfoil 90 Low
SPIRAL CASING
SUCTION CHAMBER AND SPIRAL CASING
SHAFT SEALS
BEARING
LUB OIL SYSTEM
FLOW REGULATING DEVICE
INLET GUIDE VANE CONTROL
INLET GUIDE VANE CONTROL
Radial Fan casing with inlet cone and IGV
PIN TYPE COUPLINGS
PIN TYPE COUPLINGS
AXIAL FLOW FANS