• Fluid power is energy transmitted and controlled by

means of a pressurized fluid, either liquid or gas.

• Ex Blood Circulation in the Body – Created By the GOD
• The term fluid power applies to both hydraulics and
pneumatics.
• Hydraulics uses pressurized liquid, for example, oil or
water;
• Pneumatics uses compressed air or other neutral gases.
• Fluid power can be effectively combined with other
technologies through the use of sensors, transducers
and microprocessors
Elements of Fluid power sysyetm
 Elements of Fluid Power

1. Energy generating elements- Pumps/ Compressor

2. Energy Storage elements – Accumulator
3. Energy Transport Elements- Pipes and Hoses
4. Energy Control elements- Control Valves, Direction control valves
5. Energy Utilizing elements- Actuator
 Application
• Some of the principal users of fluid power technology are:
• Manufacturing industries, notably the automotive industry,
machine tool manufacturers and domestic and commercial
appliance manufacturers
• processing industries, such as chemical, petro-chemical, food
processing, textiles, paper, etc.
• transportation systems, including marine and mobile
construction plant utilities, particularly in the gas industry
defense systems.
• Medical
• Movie – Special effect Equipment
• Carrying out work by operating plant and machinery using linear,
swivel and rotary motion. Some general methods of material
handling used in industry, for example, may be:
• clamping
• shifting
• positioning
• orientating.

a) General applications may be:

• packaging • feeding • door or chute control • material transfer •
turning and inverting of parts • sorting • stacking • stamping and
embossing
Advantages of Fluid Power System
1. Variation of Force and Pressure
2. Precise Control of Motion
3. Easiness in operation
4. Multiplication Force
5. Constant Force
6. Simplicity
7. Energy Storage
8. High Power
 Disadvantages of Fluid Power System

1. Availability
2. High cost of components
3. Operating Temperature – It designed to work
under particular range of Temp
4. Maintenance – Require more Maintenance
• The ISO 6743-4 classification system can be
generally applied to the three primary classes
of hydraulic fluids:
 Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluids
 Mineral (i.e. petroleum) Hydraulic Fluids
 Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
 Hydraulic Fluid
In fluid power systems, a hydraulic fluid has to
perform various functions such as the
following:
• 1. Power transmission
• 2. Lubrication
• 3. Cooling
• 4. Contaminant removal
• The various properties required for an ideal hydraulic fluid are as
follows
• 1. Ideal viscosity.
• 2. Good lubrication capability.
• 4. Good chemical and environmental stability.
• 5. Incompressibility.
• 6. Fire resistance.
• 7. Low flammability.
• 8. Foam resistance.
• 9. Low volatility.
• 10. Good heat dissipation.
• 11. Low density.
• 12. System compatibility.
 Biodegradable hydraulic fluids
• Classification of biodegradable hydraulic fluids:
• ISO-L-HETG: Triglyceride Base (vegetable oils, i.e. plant oils)
• HETG = Hydraulic Environmental Triglycerides = A biodegradable
(vegetable oil based) hydraulic fluid which uses triglyceride
esters as the base fluid. Vegetable oils are all classified as
triglyceride esters.
• ISO-L-HEES: Synthetic Ester Base (similar to triglyceride but with
a non-vegetable based acid & alcohol)
• HEES = Hydraulic Environmental Ester oil Synthetic = A
biodegradable hydraulic fluid which uses synthetic esters as the
base fluid.
• Synthetic esters share a similar chemical structure to HETG types
- but are synthesized rather than derived from natural sources.
• ISO-L-HEPG: Polyalkyleneglycol Base (i.e. polyglycol)
• HEPG = Hydraulic Environmental Polyalkylene
• Glycols = A biodegradable hydraulic fluid which uses polyalkylene
glycols (PAGS) as the base fluid. PAGS are synthesized from
hydrocarbon oxides.
• HEPG’s are typically used in areas where fire is a hazard, and may
require special seals and/or seal materials.
• ISO-L-HEPR: Other Base Liquid – primarily Polyalphaolefins
• HEPR = Hydraulic Environmental PAO and Related products = A
biodegradable hydraulic fluid which uses polyalphaolefins and
related hydrocarbons as the base fluid. These base stocks are
synthesized from crude oil derivatives
The ISO 6743-4 classification of mineral oils (i.e. petroleum)
hydraulic fluids:

• H and HH Mineral oil with no active ingredients – is no longer

used in practice.
• HL With active ingredients to increase the corrosion protection
• HM With active ingredients to increase the corrosion
protection and resistance to aging and to reduce wear due to
scoring in the mixed friction area
• HLP Further active ingredients in addition to HL oil to reduce
wear and increase resistance in the mixed friction area –
widest application in practice
• HV and HVLP Like HLP, but with increased resistance to aging,
as well as an improved temperature-viscosity relationship
 The ISO 6743-4 classification of fire resistant hydraulic fluids:
• SO-L-HFAE Emulsions – ‘oil-in-water’ (usually >80% water content)
• ISO-L-HFAS Synthetic aqueous fluids - chemical combination in
water (usually >80% water content) ISO-L-HFB Emulsions – ‘water-
in-oil’ (usually >40% water)
• ISO-L-HFC Glycol solutions, polyalkylene glycol solutions or water
glycols (usually >35% water content)
• ISO-L-HFDR Synthetic phosphate esters (without water) ISO-L-
HFDS Chlorinated hydrocarbons (without water)
• ISO-L-HFDT HFDR/HFDS mixtures ISO-L-HFDU Synthetic anhydrous
liquids (without water) - other than phosphate ester … Polyol Ester
or PAG (more resistant than HFDR, HFDS, or HFDT)
Basic Structure of Pneumatic System
Symbols
Hydraulic Pumps