63-64 The diencephalon: parts, external and

internal structure and functions.The

hypothalamo-hypophysial sys.
The diencephalon develops during the prenatal period from
___________
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Where is located Hypothalamus?
B) Between optic chiasma and mammillary bodies
Because pituitary tumor the destruction and enlargement of the hypophyseal fossa of the
sella turcica was revealed during X-ray examination. Which bony cavity was damaged?
 
The sphenoid sinus
Which parts of the diencephalon are there?
 
Talamencephalon, Hypothalamus and the third ventricle

The diencephalon is connected above and in front

with the cerebral hemispheres; behind with the
mid-brain. Its upper surface is concealed by the
corpus callosum, and is covered by a fold of pia
mater, named the tela chorioidea of the third
ventricle; inferiorly it reaches to the base of the
brain.  The diencephalon comprises:
the thalamencephalon; the hypothalamus; and
the third ventricle.
What substance is produces by the pineal gland?
The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates the
circadian rhythm of the body.
In the patient, 50 years old, the magnetic resonance tomography
(MRT) of the cranial cavity revealed increasing the size of sella
turcica, deformation of the anterior clinoid processes. Tumor of
which endocrine gland may cause following fracture of the skull
bones?
Hypophysis
The patient has adenoma of the pituitary gland, which caused the destruction of
the optic pathway. Which part of diencephalon does affected area belong to?
Hypothalamus
 The patient has bulimia - excessive and insatiable appetite. The lesion of
hypothalamic receptors which send impulses to the brain about concentration
of carbohydrates in the blood was found. What part of brain is affected?
 
Diencephalon
The Metathalamus includs
 The patient , 43 years old, was admitted into the ear, nose and throat (ENT)
department with complaints of hearing loss. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
revealed brain tumor in the area of subcortical centers of hearing. What part of the
brain is damaged?
 
Сorpus geniculatum mediale
After flu the child during 3 weeks has thermoregulation violations
in the form of long subfebrile temperature and hyperthermia crises.
The doctor suspects a functional failure of higher vegetative center.
Which part of the brain is most likely functionally damaged?
Hypothalamus
Parts of hypothalamus
D) Optic part, olfactory part
Rete mirabilis
Hypothalamic hormones are secreted by neurons, but enter the
anterior pituitary through blood vessels (Figure 3). Within the
infundibulum is a bridge of capillaries that connects the
hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. This network, called
the hypophyseal portal system, allows hypothalamic
hormones to be transported to the anterior pituitary without
first entering the systemic circulation. The system originates
from the superior hypophyseal artery, which branches off the
carotid arteries and transports blood to the hypothalamus.
The branches of the superior hypophyseal artery form the
hypophyseal portal system (see Figure 3). Hypothalamic
releasing and inhibiting hormones travel through a primary
capillary plexus to the portal veins, which carry them into the
anterior pituitary. Hormones produced by the anterior
pituitary (in response to releasing hormones) enter a
secondary capillary plexus, and from there drain into the
circulation.
 superior colliculus, the pulvinar, and the lateral geniculate body are
subcortical centers of the
Vision

 The superior colliculus, the pulvinar, and the lateral geniculate

body receive many fibers from the optic tracts, and are
therefore intimately connected with sight, constituting what
are termed the lower visual centers.
Name roof of the third ventricul:
The choroid plexuses of the third ventricle
Name floor of the third ventricul:
The optic chiasma, the tuber cinereum and infundibulum, and the corpora mammillaria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_aCCsRCw78g