Let’s pray for:

people/thing people/thing people/thing

s/ s/ s/
situation situation situation
we’re we’re we’re
thankful for asking for praying to
A Students Prayer by St Thomas Aquinas
Come, Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of
light and fountain of wisdom! Pour forth your
brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the
darkness which covers me, that of sin and of
ignorance. Grant me a penetrating mind to
understand, a retentive memory, method and
ease in learning, the lucidity to comprehend,
and abundant grace in expressing myself.
Guide the beginning of my work, direct its
 Whose
line is it?
"You're nothing but a second-rate,
trying hard copycat!“
~ Lavinia Arguelles (Cherie Gil) to Dorina
Pineda (Sharon Cuneta)
BITUING WALANG NINGNING (1985)
My brother is not a pig! Ang kapatid
ko ay tao, hindi baboy damo!" 
~ Cora dela Cruz (Nora Aunor) to American
soldier
MINSA'Y ISANG GAMUGAMO (1976)
"Oh yes, kaibigan mo ako. Kaibigan mo
lang ako... And I'm so stupid to make
the biggest mistake of falling in love
with my best friend." 
~ Bujoy (Jolina Magdangal) to Ned (Marvin
Agustin)
LABS KITA, OKEY KA LANG? (1998)
 "She loved me at my worst. You had
me at my best, but binalewala mo lang
ang lahat yun... And you chose to
break my heart." 
~ Popoy (John Lloyd Cruz) to Basha (Bea
Alonzo)
0NE MORE CHANCE (2007)
 Once, twice, three times more,
gaano ba kadalas ang minsan?" 
~ Elsa Almeda (Hilda Koronel) to Louie (Dindo
Fernando)
GAANO KADALAS ANG MINSAN (1982)
 Rea ding Acro ss t he D is cipline

Using
References
What is a reference?
 the act of referring or
consulting

 defined as citing authorities

or support for an argument,
Why Reference?
TO DISTINGUISH TO ALLOW FACT-
YOUR IDEAS CHECKING

TO REINFORCE YOUR TO ENSURE THE

ARGUMENT MORAL RIGHTS OF
THE AUTHOR

TO SHOW DIFFERENT TO AVOID

PERSPECTIVES PLAGIARISM
 Any REFERENCE appears in (2) two
places:

I N -T E X T R e f e r e n c i n g
 appears in the text

General  placed immediately after the

information being cited

Guideline
s
EXAMPLE:

Students commencing university often lack the writing, reading

and research skills necessary to complete assessment tasks.
These skills need to be developed over time (Veit & Gould 
2010).  Learning the skills of note-taking and paraphrasing are
vital if students are to avoid plagiarism in their writing. Veit and
Gould (2010, p. 158) emphasize the importance of ‘using your
own words and your own style’ when paraphrasing. There are
many different strategies available to students regarding note-
taking and paraphrasing. Veit and Gould (2010) suggest a useful
strategy to avoid unintentional plagiarism is to rewrite
important information in your own words at the time of reading.
Students should remember to always record the full details of
sources in their notes. Sources can then be accurately
acknowledged in the text and in the list of works cited at the
end of their paper.
EXAMPLE:

Young drivers are at a greater risk of being injured or killed on our roads
than any other demographic (VicRoads 2014).  There are a number of safety
issues for young drivers, including the issue of distraction. The World
Health Organisation (2011, p. 8) defines driver distraction ‘ as when some
kind of triggering event external to the driver results in the driver shifting
attention away from the driving task’. The ringing of a telephone,
responding to a text message or a telephone alert can all cause distractions
while driving. Young drivers are more likely to be involved in an accident as
a result of a distraction within the vehicle as they do not have the
experience to know how to respond (World Health Organisation 2011).
Opinions differ regarding the solution to the problem of mobile phone use
while driving by young people. Young, Rudin-Brown and Lenne (2010)
suggest  increased penalties and driver education as  two possible
strategies.  In the not too distant future technology may provide a solution
to the problem.
 Any REFERENCE appears in (2) two
places:

E N D - O F -T E X T R e f e r e n c i n g
 appears in the reference list at the end of your

General assignment

Guideline
s
EXAMPLE:
References
Cameron, B (Minister for Corrections, Victoria) 2007, Construction begins on high
security unit, media release, Victoria, 28 March,
viewed 16 April 2007, <http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au>.
 
Douglas, N, Douglas, G & Derrett, R (eds) 2001, Special interest groups: context and
cases, John Wiley & Sons, Brisbane, Qld.
 
Farley, J 2008, ‘The role of prices in conserving critical natural
capital', Conservation Biology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1399-1408. 
 
Guidebook to Australian social security law 1983, CCH Australia, North Ryde, NSW.
 
Hatch, JA 2002, Doing qualitative research in education settings,
State University of New York, Albany.
 
Kneller, JP 1963a, Is logical thinking logical?, Ponsonby & Partridge, Dubbo.
 
 I N -T E X T R E F E R E N C I N G

Direct Quotation
 when using the authors exact words

General
Guideline Summarising

 when you put someone else’s ideas into your own

s words
 1. Direct
Quotations
Whether I shall turn out to be the
hero of my own life, or whether that
station will be held by anybody else,
"Whether I shall turn out to be the
hero of my own life, or whether that
station will be held by anybody else,
these pages must show. To begin my these pages must show" (Dickens,
life with the beginning of my life, I 1869, p. 1).
record that I was born (as I have been
informed and believe) on a Friday, at
twelve o’clock at night. It was
remarked that the clock began to
strike, and I began to cry,
simultaneously. (Dickens, 1896, p. 1)
 1. Direct
Quotations
S HORT LON G
QU OTAT I ON QUOTATION
 Types of Direct Quotations
SH ORT
QUOTATION
 Uses 40 words or less
 Uses quotation marks

.
 S O U RC E
 P U B L I C AT I O N D AT E
 PA G E N U M B E R S

EXAMPLE
Observational learning can be defined as “the phenomenon whereby
people develop patterns of behavior by observing the actions of others”
(Mowen & Minor, 1998, p. 147)
EXAMPLES:

"Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or

whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages
must show" (Dickens, 1869, p. 1).

"Mindfulness has become a trend word conveying a diversity of

understandings dependent on context" (Crane, 2017, p. 586).

Fontana and Montalbano (2008) found that “the market for

these low-cost machines is being driven by inexpensive
bandwidth; the growth of services and cloud computing; and
cloud-based processing, storage, management and associated
IT services” (p. 12).
 Types of Direct Quotations
LON G QUOTATION
 Uses more than 40 words long
 Uses no quotation marks
 The quoted text should be indented

 S O U RC E
 P U B L I C AT I O N D AT E
 PA G E N U M B E R S
EXAMPLE
Within management theory there have been many changes and
developments. One researcher has identified a key factor for
management sources, communication:
Communication is a vital factor in determining managerial success. A
successful manager establishes links through her organization, formal
and informal, upwards, downwards and horizontally. Two vital measures
of success are these: a respect for formal procedures and a recognition
of the value of the informal network. (Williams, 1993, p. 6)
EXAMPLE:

As tabulated by Kuhn (1970:71) the results show...

Lyoob, Rossetti, and Chen (2013) noted:
Many software providers take advantage of these
developing technologies to provide new cloud computing
services or transform their existing products into the cloud.
Since the term cloud could refer to any infrastructure,
platform or software that serves for cloud computing, every
component in the cloud may be provided as a service. (p.
34)
 
2. Summarising
a concise restatement of the main
facts or ideas of a longer work
EXAMPLE:
Original
Despite decades of research into the
sociocultural model of eating disorders, we
still do not understand how such sociocultural
influences produce disordered eating in any
given individual (or why a similar person in the
same cultural milieu does not become
disordered). Clearly, though, one source of
vulnerability lies in a woman's body image. To
the extent that a woman's self-image is
challenged or threatened by an unattainable
ideal of an impossibly thin female physique,
she may well become susceptible to disruption
of her self-regard, and may be more likely to
develop an eating disorder. In short, the
sociocultural model argues that exposure to
idealized media images (a) makes women feel
bad about themselves and (b) impels women
to undertake the sort of "remedial" eating
patterns that easily and often deteriorate into
Summary in Paper (APA)
Polivy and Herman (2004) noted that
we still do not know how or why
sociocultural influences like the media
contribute to some individuals
developing eating disorders while
others do not. In some cases, the
ubiquitous message of thinness and
ideal beauty broadcast by the media
can challenge a woman's self-image,
disrupting her sense of self-esteem.
However, not all women are influenced
by the same media messages in the
same way. The sociocultural model
explores the ways women internalize
the media's ideal of unattainable
thinness and beauty, and how that
internalization in turn can result in
disordered eating and a distorted sense
What is APA
Style?
American Psychological Association

APA Style is a writing style and format for academic

documents such as scholarly journal articles and books. It
is commonly used for citing sources within the field of
behavioral and social sciences.
 Overall Guidelines for
Organizing the Reference List
Arrange the authors
alphabetically
 Overall Guidelines for
Organizing the Reference List
Arrange the authors
alphabetically
Single Author
Last name first, followed by author initials.
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social
development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11,
7-10.
 Overall Guidelines for
Organizing the Reference List
Arrange the authors
alphabetically
Two Authors
List by their last names and initials. Use the ampersand instead of
"and."
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across
affective states: The hedonic contingency
hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66,
 Overall Guidelines for
Organizing the Reference List
Arrange the authors
alphabetically
Three to Seven Authors
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while
the last author name is preceded again by ampersand.
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach,
J. S. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or
low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.
 Overall Guidelines for
Organizing the Reference List
Arrange the authors
alphabetically
More Than Seven Authors
for later references to sources with three or more authors, cite
only the first author followed by et al.
Miller, F. H et al. (2009). Web site usability for the blind and low-vision
user. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.

* et al stands for Et Alia which means “and others”

 Overall Guidelines for
Organizing the Reference List
Basic Format for Books
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also
for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
EXAMPLE:
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing
manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
Note: For "Location," you should always list the city and the state using the two letter postal
abbreviation without periods (New York, NY).
 Overall Guidelines for
Organizing the Reference List
Format for Website
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Retrieved
from URL

EXAMPLE
Satalkar, B. (2010, July 15). Water aerobics. Retrieved from
http://www.buzzle.com

Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The Negative effects of Facebook on

communication. Social Media Today RSS. Retrieved from
http://socialmediatoday.com
 Overall Guidelines for
Organizing the Reference List
Format for Blog
Last, F. M. (Year Month Date Published). Article title [Type of blog post].
Retrieved from URL.

Example:
Schonfeld, E. (2010, May 3). Google throws $38.8 million to the wind
[Web log post]. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from http://techcrunch.com
 Rea ding Acro ss t he D is cipline

Prepared by:
Ms. Regina Fatima S.J. Verginiza
MAEd English
 Rea ding Acro ss t he D is cipline

https://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/home.cfm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOEmM5gmTJM
https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/referencelis
t