Professional Documents
Culture Documents
orthodontics
• Steps
• Cleaning
• Enamel Conditioning
• Sealing
• Bonding
Etching
Legler et al (1990) --Etching with 10% or 37% phosphoric acid produced high bond
strengths (28 MPa),
10% maleic acid reduced the bond strength to 18 MPa,
10% polyacrylic acid
Crystal growth theory-jon Arton
Laser etching of enamel by an- Von Fraunhofer- Nd:YAG laser -12 seconds -3 W)
Serder Vsumuz- ErCr:YsGG
SEP- kylmaz et al-- compared shear bond strength of 3 different self-etching primers and
found the Transbond Plus system (3M Unitek, St Paul, MN) superior to Clearafil SE Bond
and Etch and Prime, EP3
Silverstone et al. (1975) and Galil, 1979
Type 1 etching pattern, prism core material was preferentially removed leaving the prism
peripheries relatively intact.
Type 2 etching pattern, the reverse pattern was observed. The peripheral regions of
prisms were removed preferentially, leaving prism cores remaining relatively unaffected.
Type 3 etching pattern, there was a more random pattern, areas of which corresponded
to types 1 and 2 damage together with regions in which the pattern of etching could not
be related to prism morphology.
Type 4 no prism removed but only minor roughness superficially
Type 5 smooth surface
You-Min Kim