Basic Concepts in

Communication:
Background and Rationale
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

Recall the meaning, nature and importance of

communication

Demonstrate the elements and processes of

communication

Describe the principle and ethics of communication

Review on the
meaning, nature
and importance of
communication
Communication

•Process of transmitting or conveying

information to others

•A system (as telephones, computers, other

digital gadgets) for transmitting or exchanging
information.

•Communication is a sum of all things a person

does when he wants to create understanding in
the minds of another.
Communication
• Co-ordination
• Smooth working relations
• Managerial efficiency
• Decision-making
• Industrial peace
• Recruitment process
• Effective performance
• Evaluation
• Teaching/educating
• Image of the company
Types of communication

Give examples of verbal and non-verbal

communication.
Classification of Verbal Communication
Oral communication consists of all spoken exchanges.

Questions
Comments
Casual conversations
Voicemail
Conference calls
Speeches
Classification of Verbal Communication
Written communications are printed messages.

Memos
Proposals
E-mails
Letters
Training manuals
Operating policies
According to the National Commission on Writing, 67%
of salaried employees in large foreign companies and
professional state employees have some writing
responsibility. Half of responding companies
reported that they take writing into consideration when
hiring employees, and 91% always take writing into
account when hiring.
Types of Verbal Communications
 Five Non-verbal Behaviors/Elements of
Non-verbal Communication
1. Vocalics/Paralanguage – refers to the use of volume,
tone, pitch, and rate of speaking to give additional
meaning or emphasis to what is spoken.

2. Proxemics – refers to the use of space to convey an idea

or image.

3. Chronemics – is an attitude of time which disclose

information with others about status and relationship
with others. It is our self-concept.

4. Artifacts – refer to the things a person owns, use, wear,

and even discard convey message about such person.

5. Movement – is one’s posture, gesture, facial expression,

and body language.
Functions of Non-verbal Communication
Principles of Communication
Principles of Communication
Herbert Hildebrandt and Jane Thomas,
authors of Effective Business
Communication, gave seven C’s of
Communication principles.
 Seven C’s of Communication Principles

1. Completeness
2. Conciseness
3. Consideration
4. Concreteness
5. Clarity
6. Correctness
7. Courtesy
 Seven C’s of Communication
Principles
1. Completeness

• Answer all questions asked.

• Check for the 5 W’s (who what, where,
when and how) and other essentials.
 Seven C’s of Communication Principles
2. Conciseness

•Eliminate wordy expressions.

•Include only relevant statements.
•Avoid unnecessary repetition.
•Check the flow of communication.
 Seven C’s of Communication Principles

3. Consideration

•Focus on ‘you’ instead of ‘I’ and ‘we’

•Emphasize positive, pleasant facts.
•Apply integrity and ethics.
 Seven C’s of Communication Principles

4. Concreteness

•Use specific facts and figures.

•Put action in your words.
•Choose vivid, image-building words
 Seven C’s of Communication Principles
5. Clarity

•Choose short, familiar, conversational words.

•Construct effective sentences and
paragraphs.
•Achieve appropriate readability (and listen-
ability)
 Seven C’s of Communication Principles
6. Correctness

•Use the right level of language. (tone, formality)

•Include only accurate facts, words and figures.
•Maintain acceptable writing mechanics.
•Choose non-discriminatory expressions.
 Seven C’s of Communication Principles
7. Courtesy

•Be sincerely tactful.

•Omit expressions that irritate, hurt or belittle.
•Grant and apologize good-naturedly.
Ten (10) Basics of Ethical Communication
(Lewis, 2015)

1. Seek to “elicit the best” in communications and

interactions with other group members.
2. Listen when others speak.
3. Speak non-judgmentally.
4. Speak from your own experience and
perspective.
5. Seek to understand others.
Ten (10) Basics of Ethical Communication
(Lewis, 2015)
6. Avoid speaking for others.
7.Manage your own personal boundaries.
8.Respect the personal boundaries of others.
9.Avoid interrupting and side conversations.
10.Make sure that everyone has time to speak.
Four(4) Key Principles of Ethical Communication
(Button, 2017)
1. Honesty
2. Openness to other views
3. Commitment
4. Consensus building
Thank you!