Physics –chpater:11

FORCE AND PRESSURE

 TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• Introduction
• Force-a push or pull
• Forces are due to interaction
• Exploring forces.
 INTRODUCTION
• What causes
motion??
• In the first figure
,goal keeper tries to
stop the ball.
• In 2nd figure, the
hockey player tries to
move the ball.
• In both cases they
are applying an
external force.
• In this figure, the
batsman tries to
change the
direction of the
ball.
• In this figure, force
is applied to
change the shape.
• An external force is needed to
stop a moving object.
• An external force is needed to
move an object at rest.
• An external force is needed to
change the direction of motion
• An external force is needed to
change the shape of an object
 FORCE –A PUSH OR PULL(note book)
• PUSH: A force
which is applied to
make an object
move away from
oneself.
• PULL:A force which
is applied to bring
an object closer to
oneself.
More examples for push and pull……..
Identify Actions as Push or Pull
 Definition of force

Force is defined as a
push or pull that can
change the state of
motion of an object
 Conditions for force to be
applied
(note book)

• There must
be at least
two
objects.
• An
interaction
of one
object with
 State of Motion
• The state of motion of an object is described by its
speed and the direction of motion.
Give two examples each of situations in which you push
or pull to change the state of motion of objects.

• Two examples of push force are as follows:

• (i) A heavy box at rest is pushed to move it from one room
to another. This changes the state of motion of the box.
• (ii) A player pushes a football using his foot. This changes
the state of motion of the ball.
• Two examples of pull force are as follows:
• (i) Rope is pulled to draw water from a well. This changes
the state of motion of the water bucket.
• (ii) A drawer is pulled to open it. This changes the state of
motion of the drawer.
Give two examples of situations in which applied force
causes a change in the shape of an object.

• Two examples of forces that cause a change in the

shape of an object are as follows:
• (i) Squeezing of a plastic bottle changes the shape
of the bottle.
• (ii) Deformation of clay by pressing it between the
hands.
 Representation of force
• Force need magnitude and direction
for its complete description.
• The amount or strength of force is
called its magnitude.
• The SI unit of force is newton(N)
 Resultant Force

• When two forces are applied on the same body and

at the same point and in the same direction, the
resultant force is equal to sum of the forces. The
direction of the resultant force will be same as each
of the force.
• When two forces are applied on the same body and
at the same point but in the opposite direction, the
resultant force is equal to difference of the forces.
The direction of the resultant force will be the
direction in which the larger force act.
• The net force on an object is zero if the two
forces acting on it in the opposite directions
 Classification of force

force

Contact force Non contact force

Contact force Non contact force

Muscular force Frictional force Magnetic force Electrostatic force Gravitational force
 CONTACT FORCE- INTRODUCTION
• Can you push or lift a book lying
on a table without touching it?

• Can you lift a bucket of water

without holding it?

• Generally , to apply a force on an

object , your body has to be in
contact with the object.
 CONTACT FORCE

• The forces which act on a

body either directly or through
some connector are called
contact forces.
• Examples:
• Muscular force
• Frictional force
 MUSCULAR FORCE
The force produced by
the muscles of living
beings is called
muscular force.
 Examples of muscular force

Lifting a heavy weight, pushing

a lawn roller
Ploughing a field with bullocks,
driving a nail in the wall with
hammer
FRICTIONAL FORCE
 Frictional force
When we stop pedaling a
bicycle, it gradually slows
down and finally comes to
stop.

A ball rolling along the

ground gradually slows
down and finally comes to
rest.

Boat comes to rest if we

stop rowing it.
 Frictional Force
• A force which acts at the surface of contact,
when one body moves or tends to move upon
another body is called the force of friction
 CLASSWORK QUESTION
• WHY MUSCULAR FORCE IS
KNOWN AS CONTACT FORCE?

• ANS: The muscular force come

into play only when it is in contact
with the object. So it is called
contact force.
Why frictional force is known as contact force?

• Since the friction arises due to

the contact between surfaces , it
is called contact force.