1. There are four main strategies for entering a market: global standardization, localization, transnational, and international.
2. Strategic alliances are formal agreements between two or more groups to achieve a mutually agreed upon goal or meet critical business needs of each organization independently.
3. Types of strategic alliances include joint ventures, equity alliances, and non-equity alliances. Global strategic alliances involve cross-country and cross-industry partnerships.
1. There are four main strategies for entering a market: global standardization, localization, transnational, and international.
2. Strategic alliances are formal agreements between two or more groups to achieve a mutually agreed upon goal or meet critical business needs of each organization independently.
3. Types of strategic alliances include joint ventures, equity alliances, and non-equity alliances. Global strategic alliances involve cross-country and cross-industry partnerships.
1. There are four main strategies for entering a market: global standardization, localization, transnational, and international.
2. Strategic alliances are formal agreements between two or more groups to achieve a mutually agreed upon goal or meet critical business needs of each organization independently.
3. Types of strategic alliances include joint ventures, equity alliances, and non-equity alliances. Global strategic alliances involve cross-country and cross-industry partnerships.
Terdapat 4 dasar strategi dalam memilih strategi memasuki pasar:
1. Global Standardization Strategy 2. Localization Strategy Firms that pursue a global standardization A localization strategy focuses on increasing strategy focus on increasing profitability profitability by customizing the firm's goods or and profit growth by reaping the cost services so that they provide a good match to tastes and preferences in different national reductions that come from economies of markets. Localization is most appropriate when scale, learning effects, and location there are substantial differences across nations economies; that is, their strategic goal is to with regard to consumer tastes and pursue a low-cost strategy on a global preferences, and where cost pressures are not scale. too intense. 3. Transnational Strategy 4. International Strategy Firms that pursue a transnational strategy are Taking products first produced for domestic trying to simultaneously achieve low costs market and selling internationally with only through location economies, economies of minimal local customization. The distinguishing scale, and learning effects; differentiate their feature is that selling a product that serves product offering across geographic markets to universal needs, but do not face significant account for local differences; and foster a competitors, and thus unlike firms pursuing a multidirectional flow of skills between different global standardization strategy, they are not subsidiaries in the firm's global network of confronted with pressures to reduce their cost operations. structure. Strategic Alliances Pengertian Strategic Alliances Aliansi strategi adlaah hubungan formal anatara dua atau lebih kelompok untuk mencapai satu tujuan yang disepakati bersama ataupun memenuhi bisnis kritis tertentu yang dibutuhkan masing-masing organisasi secara independen.
Keuntungan Strategic Alliances
1. Memungkinkan partner untuk konsentrasi pada aktivitas terbaik yang sesuai dengan kapabilitasnya. 2. Pembelajaran dari partner dan pengembangan kompotensi yang mungkin untuk memperluas akses pasar. 3. Memperoleh kecukupan sumber daya dan kompetensi yang sesuai agar organisasi dapar hidup. Penggunaan Proses Pembentukan Strategi Aliansi Strategi Aliansi
1. Mengurangi biaya melalui skala Pengembangan
ekonomi/ peningkatan Strategi pengetahuan. 2. Meningkatkan akses pada teknologi baru Pemutusan Penilaian 3. Melakukan perbaikan posisi Aliansi Rekanan terhadap pesaing memasuki pasar baru 4. Mengurangi siklus produk 5. Memperbaiki usaha-usaha riset dan pengembangan Operasionalisas Negosiasi 6. Memperbaiki kualitas i Aliansi Kontrak Tipe Strategi Aliansi 1. Joint Venture Aliansi strategis dimana 2 atau lebih perusahaan menciptakan perusahaan yang independen dan legal untuk saling berbagi sumberdaya dan akapabilitas untuk mengembangkan keunggulan bersaing 2. Equity Strategic Alliance Aliansi strategis dimana 2 atau lebih perusahaan memiliki persentasekepemilikan yang dapat berbeda dalam perusahaan yang dibentuk bersamanamun mengkombinasikan semua sumber daya dan kapabilitas untukmengembangkan keunggulan bersaing 3. Nonequity Strategic Alliance Aliansi strategis dimana 2 atau lebih perusahaan memiliki hubungankontraktual untuk menggunakan sebagian sumber daya dan kapabilitas unikuntuk mengembangkan keunggulan bersaing 4. Global Strategic Alliance Kerjasama secara partnerships antara 2 atau lebih perusahaanlintas negara dan lintas industri. Terkadang alinasi ini dibentukantara korporasi (atau beberapa korporasi) dengan pemerintah asing Examples of Alliances • Nokia and Microsoft in alliance to make Zune phone • Star Alliance – Airlines alliances • Philips and Sony jointly launched the mini-CD • Nestlé and Fonterra Sign Agreement on Dairy Alliance for the America • McDonald’s with Disney, Coca-Cola & Walmart • Motorola-Toshiba: In 1987- Toshiba to produce microprocessors & contribute access to the distribution network