Lesson 11

PROJECTED MEDIA
ʘOverhead Projection
ʘSlides
ʘFilmstrips
ʘOpaque Projection
ʘComputer Image
Projection
Prepared by: Floravie M. Oñate
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the student is
expected to:
1. List the types of projected media

2. Identify the advantages and limitations of

using projected media; and
3. Explain how to effectively utilize projected
media.
2
o Refers to media formats in
which visual and verbal
images are projected or
enlarged and displayed on Place your screenshot here

a screen by passing strong 3

light through a transparent

material (transparencies,
slides, filmstrips) or
through opaque materials.
 OVERHEAD PROJECTION
Overhead projection is done using an
overhead projector – a device like a box
with a large stage on the top surface.
Light from a powerful lamp inside the box
is condensed by a special type of lens,
known as fresnel lens, and passes 4
through a transparency placed on the
stage. A lens and mirror system mounted
on a bracket above the box turns the
light beam 90° and projects the image
onto a screen or blank wall (Heinich,
1996).
OVERHEAD PROJECTION AS TEACHING AID
Advantages
1. Overhead projectors can be used even in normal room
lightning.
2. The projector allows the presenter to have direct contact
with the audience.
3. Equipment could be adjusted to project for a large group. 5
4. Transparencies can be easily made or can be reused.
5. Equipment is usually light and portable.
6. Overhead projectors are becoming less costly.
7. Presentation using overlays could be dramatic.
OVERHEAD PROJECTION AS TEACHING AID
Limitations
1. The projection equipment needs much care.
2. The overhead system does not lend itself to individual
instruction.
3. Opaque materials could not be projected.
4. Presentations rely on the presenter most of the time. 6
5. Colored pictures are expensive to reproduce on
transparencies.
OVERHEAD PROJECTION AS TEACHING AID
Utilization Guidelines
1. Ensure that the last row of students see the images
clearly.
2. Keep transparencies up to date.
3. A pointer can help in focusing attention to parts of the
transparency. 7
4. Switch off the projector during topical changes in
presentation.
5. Keep transparency presentations short, with a maximum
of six words per line and six or fewer
per transparencies.
OVERHEAD PROJECTION AS TEACHING AID
Utilization Guidelines
6. Use letters at least ¼ inch in height to ensure eligibility.
7. If there is a need to write ransom notes, used a
chalkboard.
8. Colors can be used in transparencies to highlight
important ideas. 8
9. Narration used while projecting the materials should be
well planned and well rehearsed.
10. Do not change transparencies too fast without giving
students time to read or copy.
11. Arrange the transparencies before presenting.
12. When preparing transparencies, be guided by the
measurement or sizes of fonts to use.

Distance from OHP Font

Size
Up to 10 meters 36
10-15 meters 48
15-20 meters 58

9
 Slides
Slides are small, transparent photographs
individually mounted for one-at-a-time projection. Slides
are inserted into a slide projector. The standard size of
slides is 2 x 2 inches (5 x 5 cm) measured by the outer
dimensions of the mount. The actual dimensions of the
image will vary with the type of film and camera.

10
SLIDES AS TEACHING AID
Advantages
 Slides can be arranged into many different sequences.
 Slides are portable and can be easily stored.
 With the advent of more user-friendly photographic
equipment, amateurs can now produce high quality slides.
 Slide projector offer convenience of remotely
controlling the presentation of
slides.
 Viewing slides can be controlled
by users.
11
 FILMSTRIPS
A filmstrip comes in a roll of 35mm
transparent film. It contains a series of
related still pictures which are placed in
sequential order. Each individual picture
is called a frame. The pictures are
intended for showing one at a time using
a filmstrip projector. Commercially
produced filmstrips typically contain 20-
60 frames and are stored in a rolled up
manner inside a small plastic container
12
(Heinich, 2002).
SLIDES AS TEACHING AID
Limitations
 There is a tendency for slides to become easily
disorganized.
 Use of the projection is not effective in a fully lighted
environment.
 Slides may be costly.
 Slides are becoming outdated.
 Careless storage or handling of
slides can lead to permanent damages.
13
SLIDES AS TEACHING AID
Utilization Guidelines
 Check the vision of students seated in different
locations around the classroom.
 The room should be darkened so as to view the
projected materials clearly.
 Narration used while projecting the materials should
be well planned and well rehearsed.
 Keep the lights on and the projector
lights off during introduction of the
slides and after the viewing. 14
FILMSTRIPS AS TEACHING AID
Advantages
 Filmstrip of 60 frames will fit comfortably in the
palm of your hand and weighs only a few ounces.
 The generally high production quality of
filmstrips provides visual stimulation and
motivation for learners.
 Filmstrips can be cheaper than a set of slides.
 A chronological arrangement of the filmstrips can
be presented without fear of having pictures
disorganized.
 Speed of viewing filmstrips can be user-
15
controlled.
FILMSTRIPS AS TEACHING AID
Limitations
 Sequence of pictures cannot be altered.
 Filmstrips can be hardly produced using
simple equipment.
 The filmstrip format is becoming less
popular because of video cassettes and
video equipment.
 The projection equipment needs much
care.
 Use of filmstrip projection is not effective 16
in a fully lighted environment.
FILMSTRIPS AS TEACHING AID
Utilization Guidelines
 The room should be darkened so as to
view the projected materials clearly.
 Preview the filmstrip to make sure that
frames fit the objectives of the lesson.
 Narration should be well planned and
well rehearsed.
 Music using audio equipment could be
used to accompany filmstrips about
stories. 17
N If overhead projection uses transparent
materials, opaque projection uses non-
transparent ones on a screen. The
opaque projector operates by directing
onto a material a very strong
incandescent light, which is reflected
upward to strike a mirror which aims the
light beam through a series of lenses
onto a screen.

18
OPAQUE PROJECTION AS
TEACHING AID
Advantages
 There is no need to produce
transparencies since the materials
are the ones projected.
 This allows group viewing of students’
works.
 There is a wide variety of materials to
be projected, including three-
dimensional materials. 19
OPAQUE PROJECTION AS
TEACHING AID
Limitations
 The projector cannot effectively
operate unless the room is
completely darkened.
 The opaque projector is heavy.
 Some parts of the projector are
unsafe to touch due to the heat
generated by the lamp.
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COMPUTER IMAGE PROJECTION
This refers to the process of projecting
computer-generated materials using the
liquid crystal display (LCD) projector. The
projector is connected to a computer unit or
a laptop and then focused to a screen.
Another type of projector is the Digital Light
Processing (DLP) developed by Texas
Instruments. It has clearer and more vivid
pictures compared to the LCD.

21
Computer image projection as teaching aid

Advantages
 It is possible to project all which appears in a computer
screen.
 Presentations using LCD projectors are more professional
looking.
 A vast capacity of images for projection can be stored in
the computers.
 Displays can be changed after or
even during the presentations. 22
Computer image projection as teaching aid
Limitations
 The room must be darkened more than in an
overhead projector
 Low resolution of LCD projectors may effect
viewing conditions.
 LCD projectors are costly.

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EVALUATING PROJECTED MEDIA
(NEWBY, ET.AL., 2000)
 Relevance to objectives
 Accuracy of information

 Likely to arouse and maintain student

interest
 Technical quality (e.g. easy to read)

 Promotes participation and involvement

 Evidence of effectiveness (e.g. field test

results)
 Free from objectionable bias

 Provisions for discussion/ follow up 24

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