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Grade and Grading System (Marks and Marking System)

The document discusses different aspects of grading systems including formative and summative assessments, effects of grading on students, grading and reporting nuts and bolts, and communication beyond grading. It provides an overview of concepts like criterion-referenced grading, norm-referenced grading, and preparing report cards.

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Floravie Onate
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179 views18 pages

Grade and Grading System (Marks and Marking System)

The document discusses different aspects of grading systems including formative and summative assessments, effects of grading on students, grading and reporting nuts and bolts, and communication beyond grading. It provides an overview of concepts like criterion-referenced grading, norm-referenced grading, and preparing report cards.

Uploaded by

Floravie Onate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GRADE AND GRADING

SYSTEM (MARKS AND


MARKING SYSTEM)
OVERVIEW
Effects of Grades and Grading on Students
Grading and Reporting: Nuts & Bolts
Beyond Grading: Communication
CONCEPT MAP
Formative &
Beyond Grading:
Summative
Communication
Assessment

Classroom
Assessment and
Grading
Traditional
Grading & Reporting: Assessment
Nuts and Bolts Approaches
Effects of
Grades & Grading
on Students
COPYRIGHT 2001 BY ALLYN AND BACON
FORMATIVE AND
SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENTS
Pretests
 Aid teacher in planning
 Help students identify weaknesses - diagnostic
 Identify weaknesses: diagnostic
 Are not graded

Data-based instruction
 Also curriculum-based assessment
 Frequent probes
SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENTS
Occurs at the end of instruction
Provides a summary of
accomplishments
End of chapter, midterms, final
exam
Purpose is to determine final
achievement
GETTING THE MOST
FROM TRADITIONAL
TESTING
PLANNING FOR TESTING
Test frequently
Test soon after
learning
Use cumulative
questions
Preview ready-
made tests
OBJECTIVE TESTING
Objective: not open to many interpretations
Measures a broad range of material
Multiple choice most versatile
Lower & higher level items
Difficult to write well
Easy to score
WRITING TEST ITEMS
EFFECTS OF GRADING ON
STUDENTS
EFFECTS OF GRADING

Effects of failure
Effects of feedback - knowing
‘why’ they were wrong
Effects of grades on
motivation
GRADING AND
REPORTING:
NUTS AND BOLTS
CRITERION-REFERENCED
Mastery of
objectives
Criteria for grades
set in advance
Student determines
what grade they
want to receive
All students could
receive an ‘A’
NORM-REFERENCED
GRADING
Grading on the
curve
Students compared
to other students
‘Average’ becomes
the anchor for other
grades
Fairness issue
‘Adjusting’ the curve
PREPARING REPORT
CARDS
Criterion- versus norm-referenced
Grading
Converting to standard scores
Point system
Percentage grading
Contract system and rubrics
Grading on effort and improvement
 ILE and Dual Marking Systems

Caution: Being fair


BEYOND GRADING:
COMMUNICATION
PARENT / TEACHER
CONFERENCES
Plan ahead
Start positive
Use active listening & problem solving
Establish a partnership
Plan follow-up contacts
Tell the truth!
Be prepared with samples
End positive

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