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Electric Circuits: by Sheharyar Zahid
Electric Circuits: by Sheharyar Zahid
Lecture 1:
Introduction
By Sheharyar Zahid
Course Outline & Book List
• Course outline is provided separately
• The officially recommended book is
“Fundamentals of Electric Circuits” By Sergio
Franco
• You are also advised to consult the reference
books mentioned in the course outline, for
selective reading.
Assessment Weightages
Quizzes (10%)
Assignment(2%)
Sessional Examination I & II (25%)
Final Examination (38%)
I1 + I3 = I4 + I5 + I2
[2]
Kirchhoff’s Laws
• Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL):
– Statement: The sum of the EMF sources around any closed loop is
equivalent to the sum of potential drops in that loop
[2]
Power dissipation
• When a voltage is applied across a resistor and current flows
through it, power is dissipated in the resistor as heat energy.
[1]
AC Signal
• Another elementary signal you must know about is the
alternating current signal
• It is a periodic signal i.e. it repeats itself after a defined period
(one time period equals the reciprocal of signal frequency)
• An AC signal alternates between the positive maximum peak
(+Xm) and the negative one (-Xm) forming a sinusoidal wave
• Another important value is the peak to peak value of the
current (Xpk-pk) which would be twice Xm
• The root mean square value is given by
[1]
AC Sine Wave
[1]
[1]
Loops and Meshes
• A loop is a closed path such that no node is traversed more
than once
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1] [1]
Sources
• Voltage sources may be connected in series and their overall
voltage will add up as described in KVL
• However differing voltage sources connected in parallel would
violate KVL, a load resistance is required to manage this
configuration
• Current sources work in a different way though, they add up
in parallel
• For an in-depth understanding see Franco pg. 44
Resistivity
• A copper wire also has a resistance associated with it and it
happens to be
• Elements have a parameter known as resistivity
• This parameter, in combination with the dimensional
description of the object/surface in question can be used to
calculate the resistance
• A copper wire of 0.1mm diameter would have a resistance of
0.0213Ω/m
• Resistance of a wire Rw =(ρ*l)/A
– Where
• l = length
• A= Cross-sectional area
• ρ = resistivity constant (material dependent property)
Some instructions/information:
You are expected to maintain a primary email account that you
will monitor regularly.
Lecture slides, announcements, problem sheets and other
learning materials will be regularly emailed out
Quizzes will be not be announced and will (usually) examine your
understanding of a preceding lecture. (this is not a promise,
hence the use of the word ‘usually’)
This module is very important as it is elementary material and is
a pre-requisite for many of your other courses, so do yourself
a favor and do well!
References
[1]
Franco, S 1995, Electric circuit fundamentals, 2nd Edn, Saunders College
Publishing
[2]
Kirchhoff’s circuit laws, Wikipedia, viewed 10th September 2012,
‘en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/kirchhoff’s_circuit_laws’
[3]
Ronald, P 1991 ’Introductory signal processing’ World Scientific. p1