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THE VALUE OF PARAPHRASING AND QUOTING
It is important that we do not “steal” the work of others… If
not, consequences can ensue!
 PARAPHRASING

Paraphrase Guideline 1: the meaning

should be the same, but the words should
be different.

Appropriate synonyms should be used.

 
“Use” versus “Employ”
Paraphrase Guideline 2: Include the
author’s full name or last name and a
reporting verb.

Robert Smith highlights that…

Paraphrase Guideline 3: Rearrange the
key ideas by writing them in a different
order in your paraphrase.

“Babies do not shiver when they are cold”

Versus
“Robert Smith indicates that when a baby’s
internal temperature is low, they do not shiver”
Paraphrase Guideline 4: The
paraphrase should sound like
you. It is your voice, not the
original author’s words.
QUOTING
The words are copied exactly from the original source
 
The source and page number are mentioned in a citation.
 
Quotation marks surround the copied words
 
The quote is smoothly integrated with the student’s words,
marked either by a reporting word or incorporated in a
grammatically correct way.
EXERCISE

The original passage:

Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a
result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only
about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted
matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact
transcribing of source materials while taking notes.

Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

IS THIS A GOOD PARAPHRASE?... THINK ABOUT THE
GUIDELINES

Students often use too many direct quotations

when they take notes, resulting in too many
of them in the final research paper. In fact,
probably only about 10% of the final copy
should consist of directly quoted material. So
it is important to limit the amount of source
material copied while taking notes.
WRITE A GOOD PARAPHRASE AND SHARE

RPN

Group 1: Re-Word
Group 2: Re-Phrase
Group 3: Re-Paragraph

Inside a nurse’s world: where stress is

status quo