CANCER

CURRENT TREND'S
Mr. Imran S
Asso. Professor
MES College of Nursing
Lote
Introduction
• Today, more than 3 Indians die of cancer every two
minutes.
• According to survey by International Agency for Research
on Cancer states that cancer rates could increase by 50%
to 15 million new cases in the year 2020.
• At present in India, over half of the health budget is spent
on secondary and tertiary curative services.
• 1981: The National Cancer Registry Programme was
commenced by the ICMR.
• At present 29 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs)
and 29 hospital-based cancer registries.
• These provide data related to cancer patients.
• According to the global burden of diseases (GBD) data,

cancers accounted for 8.3 per cent of all deaths in India in

2016, the second highest cause after cardiovascular
diseases, which led to 17.8 per cent of deaths.
• Among cancers, stomach was the most prevalent (9 per

cent), followed by breast cancer (8.2 per cent) and lung

cancer (7.5 per cent)
Acco. Lancet Oncology, October 2018
• Leading types of cancer in 2016
• Stomach (9% per cent)
• Breast (8.2 % per cent)
• Lung (7.5% per cent)
• Lip and oral cavity (7.2 % per cent)
• Pharynx cancer other than nasopharynx (6.8 % per cent)
• Colon and rectum (5.8 % per cent)
• Leukaemia (5.2 % per cent)
• Cervix (5.2 %per cent)
• The top five cancers among men are lung, head and neck
region (mouth, tongue and larynx), prostate and
oesophagus.
• In women - breast, cervix, ovary, oral cavity and uterine
cancer are most common.
• There is decrease in cervical cancer incidence where as
increase incidence of colon/rectum, lung, breast and
prostate cancer.
• Nearly 50 per cent of cancers in males and 15 per cent in
females are related to the use of tobacco in different
forms(head and neck, lung and oesophagus). 
• Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control
of Cancer the GOI has allocated ₹ 120 crores for the
establishment of 20 State-level cancer centres.
• The GOI has also allocated 20 million USD to develop 23
new tertiary care centres and to strengthen 27 regional
cancer centres.
• Under the ‘Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Yojna’, eight new
cancer centres would be set up in various parts of country
and 58 existing medical colleges would be upgraded in a
phased manner.
• Several non-government organizations are engaged in
increasing public awareness, supporting screening, early
detection, patient and family support services and palliative
care by providing home care.
• The Govt has established National Health Mission and
insurance schemes such as Rashtriya Swasthya Bima
Yojna,  
• Rajiv Aarogyasri Scheme (an Andhra Pradesh)
• Vajpayee Arogyashree Scheme (a Karnataka government),
• Gujarat health scheme model.
Emerging trends
• Immunotherapy
• Cryotherapy
• Less chemotherapy: decrease in the rate of chemotherapy
from 34.5% to 21.3%.
• More prescription of novel anti-cancer agents.
• EX: hormone-blocking agents for breast and prostate
cancers, immune-oncology drugs.
• Concern over cancer drug costs.
• Focus on diagnostics, quality and payment for genetic
cancer tests
• Tumor-agnostic prescription of cancer medications.
• Patient-reported outcomes.
• 
New Drugs
• There are 15 new oncology drugs was launched in 2018.
• In 2018, larotrectinib became the second tissue-agnostic
oncology therapy to be approved, following the first approval
of pembrolizumab in 2017.
• This reflects the beginning of a paradigm shift occurring in
oncology to treat tumors based on genetic profile rather than
site-of-origin in the body.
• Nearly 450 immuno-oncology therapies are currently in
development across all phases.
THANK YOU