Implementing IP Addressing Services: Accessing The WAN - Chapter 7

Implementing IP
Addressing Services
Accessing the WAN – Chapter 7
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
 Configure DHCP in an enterprise branch network
 Configure NAT on a Cisco router
 Configure new generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise Branch
Network
 The function of DHCP in a network
Network
 How DHCP dynamically assigns an IP address to a
client
Network
DHCP includes three different address allocation mechanisms to
provide flexibility when assigning IP addresses:
 Manual Allocation: The administrator assigns a pre-allocated IP
address to the client and DHCP only communicates the IP address
to the device.
 Automatic Allocation: DHCP automatically assigns a static IP
address permanently to a device, selecting it from a pool of
available addresses. There is no lease and the address is
permanently assigned to a device.
 Dynamic Allocation: DHCP automatically dynamically assigns, or
leases, an IP address from a pool of addresses for a limited period
of time chosen by the server, or until the client tells the DHCP
server that it no longer needs the address.
Network
 The differences between BOOTP and DHCP
Network
 Configure a DHCP server
Network
Network
Network
Network
Network
 Configure a Cisco router as a DHCP client
Network
 Configure a Cisco router as a DHCP client
Network
 DHCP Relay can be used to configure a router to relay
DHCP messages when the server and the client are not
on the same segment
Windows clients have a feature called Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA):

automatically assign itself an IP address in the 169.254.x.x range
Network
 Configure a Cisco router as a DHCP client using SDM
Network
 Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router
 The operation and benefits of using private and public
IP addressing
 Network Address Translation (NAT)
 NAT Terminology
•Inside local address - most likely an RFC 1918 private address

•Inside global address – IP public address that the inside host is given
when it exits the NAT router.
•Outside global address - Reachable IP address assigned to a host on the
Internet.
•Outside local address - The local IP address assigned to a host on the
outside network. In most situations, this address will be identical to the outside
global address of that outside device.
 Features of NAT and NAT overload
 Features of NAT and NAT overload
NAT overloading - sometimes called Port Address Translation or PAT) maps

multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address or a few addresses.
Differences Between NAT and NAT Overload
•NAT generally only translates IP •NAT overload modifies both the
addresses on a 1:1 correspondence private IP address and port number
between publicly exposed IP of the sender. NAT overload
addresses and privately held IP chooses the port numbers seen by
addresses. hosts on the public network.
•NAT routes incoming packets to •NAT overload, there is generally
their inside destination by referring only one or a very few publicly
to the incoming source IP address exposed IP addresses.
given by the host on the public •Incoming packets from the public
network. network are routed to their
destinations on the private network
by referring to a table in the NAT
overload device that tracks public
and private port pairs. This is called
connection tracking.
 The advantages and disadvantages of NAT
 Configure static NAT to conserve IP address space in a
network
 Configure static NAT
 Configure dynamic NAT to conserve IP address space
in a network
 Configure dynamic NAT
 Configure NAT Overload to conserve IP address space
in a network
 Configure NAT Overload
 Configure NAT Overload with a pool of public address
 Configure port forwarding
 Verify and troubleshoot NAT and NAT overload
configurations
configurations
configurations
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to
use IPv6
 IPv6: long-term solution to the depletion problem of IP
address
IPv4 2007
IPv4 1993
use IPv6
use IPv6
use IPv6
 The format of the IPv6 addresses
use IPv6
 The format of the IPv6 addresses
•Private Addresses: a first octet value of "FE" in hexadecimal

notation, with the next hexadecimal digit being a value from 8 to F
Site-local addresses: begin with "FE" and then "C" to "F" for the
third hexadecimal digit. So, these addresses begin with "FEC",
"FED", "FEE", or "FEF".
Link-local addresses: begin with "FE" and then have a value from
"8" to "B" for the third hexadecimal digit. So, these addresses start
with "FE8", "FE9", "FEA", or "FEB".
•Loopback Address: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or "::1".
use IPv6
 The various methods of assigning IPv6 addresses to a
device
Extended
ITE 1 Chapter 6Universal Identifier–
© 2006 Cisco Systems, 64 address
Inc. All rights reserved. (EUI-64)
Cisco Public 40
use IPv6
 The transition strategies for implementing IPv6
"Dual stack where you can, tunnel where you must.“

•Dual Stacking: an integration method in which a node has implementation
and connectivity to both an IPv4 and IPv6 network.
•Tunneling:
•Manual IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling - An IPv6 packet is encapsulated within the
IPv4 protocol. This method requires dual-stack routers.
•Dynamic 6to4 tunneling - Automatically establishes the connection of IPv6
islands through an IPv4 network, typically the Internet
•NAT-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT): translation allows direct communication
between hosts that use different versions of the IP protocol
use IPv6
 Cisco IOS dual stack enables IPv6 to run concurrently
with IPv4 in a network
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(2)T and
later (with the appropriate feature
set) are IPv6-ready
use IPv6
 IPv6 tunneling: IPv6 packet is encapsulated within IPv4
protocol.
Manually Configured IPv6 Tunnel:

a permanent link between two IPv6
domains over an IPv4 backbone.
use IPv6
 IPv6 affects common routing protocols and these
protocols are modified to support IPv6
use IPv6
 Configure a router to use IPv6
use IPv6
 Configure and verify RIPng for IPv6
use IPv6
 Verify and troubleshoot IPv6
Summary
 Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)

This is a means of assigning IP address and other configuration
information automatically.
 DHCP operation
–3 different allocation methods
•Manual
•Automatic
•Dynamic
–Steps to configure DHCP
•Define range of addresses
•Create DHCP pool
•Configure DHCP pool specifics
Summary
 DHCP Relay
Concept of using a router configured to listen for DHCP
messages from DHCP clients and then forwards those
messages to servers on different subnets
 Troubleshooting DHCP
–Most problems arise due to configuration errors
–Commands to aid troubleshooting
•Show ip dhcp
•Show run
•debug
Summary
 Private IP addresses
–Class A = 10.x.x.x
–Class B = 172.16.x.x – 172.31.x.x
–Class C = 192.168.x.x
 Network Address Translation (NAT)

–A means of translating private IP addresses to public IP
addresses
–Type s of NAT
•Static
•Dynamic
–Some commands used for troubleshooting
•Show ip nat translations
•Show ip nat statistics
•Debug ip nat
Summary
 IPv6
–A 128 bit address that uses colons to separate entries
–Normally written as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits
 Cisco IOS Dual Stack

–A way of permitting a node to have connectivity to an IPv4 &
IP v6 network simultaneously
 IPv6 Tunneling
–An IPV6 packet is encapsulated within another protocol
Summary
 Configuring RIPng with IPv6

1st globally enable IPv6
2nd enable IPv6 on interfaces on which IPv6 is to be enabled
3rd enable RIPng using either
ipv6 rotuer rip name
ipv6 router name enable

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Implementing IP

Accessing the WAN – Chapter 7

Windows clients have a feature called Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA):

•Inside local address - most likely an RFC 1918 private address

NAT overloading - sometimes called Port Address Translation or PAT) maps

•Private Addresses: a first octet value of "FE" in hexadecimal

"Dual stack where you can, tunnel where you must.“

Manually Configured IPv6 Tunnel:

 Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)

 Network Address Translation (NAT)

 Cisco IOS Dual Stack

 Configuring RIPng with IPv6

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