Projectors and

Connectors
An Overview by
Frits Handgraaf
June 2001
Version 1.0
Update February 17, 2004
Scope:

 To present the philosophy about projector

existence

 To provide an overview of connection

possibilities
 And what they are fore

 To discuss standards and there meaning in

the market place
Digital Processing Systems

Input Processing Output

A processing system is transforming input data into a

formatted output. Example:

Host
TTY Printer
Computer
Digital Processing System

Monitor
Processor

Keyboard

Today’s best known digital processing system: the PC

And the laptop PC

PC and Peripherals

CD drive Scanner

Modem

Monitor
Printer
PC and Projector
 A projector can show a bigger image than any monitor
 A projector is seen by the PC as a monitor
 A projector is connected to a PC as a monitor
 The projector can communicate to the PC
 Like an intelligent monitor (DDC, EDID, Plug and Play)
 Like a mouse
 Like a USB device
 Like a LAN device
 Like a WiFi device

Actually, a projector is also a digital processing device…

The standard way to connect a
projector to PC
 VESA or VGA connector
 VESA: Video Electronics Standard
Association
 VGA: Video Graphics Array
 By IBM 1987
 640*480, 16/256 colors VESA
 Female HD 15 pin (3* 5) ?
 RGBHV embedded VGA ?
Yes !
Projector to Workstation or Network
terminal
 Workstation adapter cables from 13W3
(SUN, SGI, IBM) to VESA
 RGBHV cabling from HP workstations and
general network terminals
 RGBHV (= 5* BNC) used in (older) ceiling
mount applications
RGBHV – BNC
(coax)
…then Windows and mouse control
came up…
 Serial mouse with DOS and early Windows versions
 New IBM platform (PS/2) brought the PS/2 mouse
 Windows98 and later also support the USB mouse
 Mouse control allows the presenter to control the PC
mouse, start up and control applications (e.g. next and
previous slide in PowerPoint).
 With projectors, the IR receiver in the projector passes on
remote control codes which are translated to mouse
commands back to the PC
Mouse connections
 The projector is passing on the signals, translated into PC mouse commands, so that
Windows and Applications can respond.

IR receiver
Positioning
Right
Mouse cable Left
Mouse connections

 USB
 PS/2 PS/2 and
 Serial Serial (via
 Microsoft Standard serial adapter)
USB-B

C60 connections
USB – Universal Serial Bus

 New interface to connect peripherals to PC

 Up to 127 devices can be connected
 Series A connector
 Defined for permanently attached devices, such as
keyboards, mice and hubs
 Series B connector
 Defined for detachable devices such as printers,
scanners and modems
 Maximum cable length 5 meter
CableWizzard

 InFocus invention
 Connects VGA, mouse (PS/2 and USB),
audio and serial control via single cable
CableWizzard

 CW2 and CW3

 Includes PC signal amplifier for ceiling
mount applications, via optional extension
cable
 CW3 smaller for travelling
The new digital connection

 DVI – Digital Visual Interface

 Better images, more stable, more contrast
 Graphics signal supplied in digital format
 No digital to analog to digital conversions
required (A/D converter, sampling))
DVI

 ASK is (WAS) using a DVI-I connector

 InFocus is using a M1DA connector
 The DVI-I connector is smaller and has less
pins
 DVI vs M1DA?

 DVI – Digital Visual Interface M1DA Extended

Functinalit
 DVI-I (”Integrated”)
y
• Digital Computer
• Analog Computer
• (USB Mouse is separate) DVI-D DVI-A
Digital Analog
 M1DA only only
• Digital Computer
• Analog Computer DVI-I
• USB Mouse Full
functionalit
y
 There is no ”right” or ”wrong”
 But we should get to a common standard
Video

 Moving images (film, 24 frames/sec)

 Most projectors feature Composite and S-
video connectors
 New products feature component video
S-Video
Composite
video Audio (Red is Right)
LP130 video

 New CSV connector

 Allows Composite as well as S-video input
 Too little space for standard RCA or S-Video
Video categories
Video quality
higher
 Component video (RGB, RGsB,RGBc,RGBHV)
 Colors separated
 Component video (Y, R-Y, B-Y)
 Luminance, Red – Luminance, Blue - Luminance
 S-Video
 Y/C: video signal separated into Luminance (Y, black and
white) and Chrominance (C, color information).
 Composite video
 All in one video signal comprised of the luminance (black
and white), chrominance (color), blanking pulses, sync
pulses and color burst.
Video

 Component video also sometimes called Y,

Pb/Cb, Pr/Cr
Home cinema: DVD

 Digital Versatile Disk

 Often wrongly called digital video disk
 Movies digitally recorded in 16:9 or 4:3 aspect ratio
 Doubles the number of video lines compared to
VCR (video cassette recorder)
 Video output from DVD player composite
(SCART) or S-video
 Component video (RGBHV or Y,R-Y,B-Y) output
still expensive
 Regions
 Holywood protection
 1=USA, 2=Europe
Video formats

 NTSC
 American system
 Color subcarrier at 3.58 MHz
 525 lines, 60 fields (30 frames) per second
 480 real image lines (remember VGA ?)
 PAL
 European system
 Color coding at 4.43 MHz
 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second
 576 real image lines
 SECAM
 France
 Same as PAL but with different color coding (3.58 MHz)
 Also used in Russia, Moroc, Tunesia and other countries
Interlaced v.s non-interlaced

 Interlaced
 Image (frame) is written in 2 parts (fields)
 Field refresh 25 times per second (PAL), 30 for
NTSC
 Refresh in odd/even line sequence
 Non interlaced (progressive scan)
 Complete image written complete from left top to
right bottom
 http://www.dcdi
-video.com/technology/articles/sage-
dcdi-overview.html
New video: HDTV

 High Definition TV
 Up and running in the USA (must Jan 2007, FCC)
 Europe is lacking behind
 1080i
 16:9, 1920 * 1080 pixels, 60 Hz interlaced
 720p
 16:9, 1280 * 720 pixels, 60Hz non-interlaced
 P = progressive. Progressive scan is the same as non-
interlaced.
 InFocus projectors are compatible via RGBHV
(into the VESA/VGA/M1D/M1DA connector)
So what is

 SDTV
 The standard interlaced video
 50 Hz in PAL
 EDTV
 Enhanced Definition TV
 Progressive
• 576p PAL
• 480p NTSC
• Double horizontal scanrate
31.25 kHz PAL
31.5 kHz NTSC
HDCP and HDMI

 Set top boxes

 Broadband video delivery (Internet) at a fee
 HDCP – High Bandwidth Content Protection
 Encryption from Intel, chips by TI
 DVI connector
 HDMI
 High Definition Multi-media Interface
 From Silicon Image (Panel Link inventor)
 Add’s high quality audio on same link
• Reduces cabling to one total
• Smaller connector than DVI
• We will have adapter cable
 Backward compatible with DVI
 Coming available now on DVD and home cinema sets
 LP9xx Connectivity
Cable
Wizard
Composite
M1-DA Video
Digital/Analog &
USB-A

RGB S-Video
HV VESA
DB-15
USB-B

Wired
Remote
Audio
Output Audio Component
Inputs RS-232C
Video
(*4)
Controlling the projector

 Mostly done via Crestron or Panja/AMX

controllers
 Projector commands (CLI for InFocus:
Command Line Instructions)
 (and FH CSPI)

 Usually via serial connection

DB9
 CW RS-232C
connector
Communicating with Projectors

 Keypad
 IR Remote
 RF Remote (USA and UK only)

 Serial (RS232)

 USB
 LAN
 Wireless LAN
 Communication with, and control of, projectors

The NewS-Video
Video form of Projector
Monitor Control,
PC 1 Component via
DVI-D RJ-45
LAN
Audio Wired Out VGA Video Computer
Remote Y,PB,PR
(ProjectorNet)
(and FH LANPi)

and USB
(Projector Manager)

Audio Composite PC 1 & 2 5 x BNC PC PS2 USB

Out Video Audio in PC 2 RGBHV Audio in Mouse Mouse
RS232 VGA
9pin

ASK C300, InFocus LP790

Release 1.0: InFocus Wireless
Connectivity Module
 PC to Projector communication
 Peer-to-peer
 Wireless high-speed data transfer
 Industry standard IEEE802.11b (WiFi)
 Attaches to M1-DA connector
 + 5V power pin and analog data
 LiteShow manager s/w
 Shipping v1.1
 Projector Terminology
An overview of terms and their
meaning
ASK products: the new C series
 C80 / C90 / C100
(proxima dp5150 / dp6100 / dp6150)
 Product Philosophy:

• Offer an all-performing small room conference projector. Emphasize on industrial

design to reflect functionality and high performance .

 XGA (C90 / C100) and SVGA (C80) resolution (LCD technology)

 Weight:
• 3.4 kg
 Brightness (ANSI lumens):
• C80: 1500
• C90: 1100
• C100: 1400
 Contrast: 450:1 (full-on/full-off)
 Interface:
• S-video and composite video; digital (DVI) and analog (VGA) data; audio inputs
(mini-jack and RCA); audio output (RCA for stereo); PS/2, Serial and USB mouse
control; wired remote
 X dB
Resolution

 The number of pixels available in the

projector to display the image
 Technology part 1
 Standards:
 VGA (640*480)
 SVGA (800*600)
 XGA (1024*768)
 WXGA (1280*768) (Sony WEGA)
 SXGA (1280*1024)
 SXGA+ (1400*1050) (DELL)
 UXGA (1600*1200)
Brightness in Lumen

 Lumen is light per area

 White image is divided into 9 equal parts
 ANSII 9-points
 Light is measured in the centers of these
parts via a Luxmeter
 The average is multiplied with the area size
(square meters) > Lumen
 Everybody is lying about their Lumen
 Marketing Lumen(s)
Contrast

 Contrast is the difference between black and

white
 The higher the contrast, the clearer the
difference between black and white in the
image
 Two ‘standards’:
 Full on/full off
 Checkerplate
 DLP offers higher contrast
 Used in SP products
Brightness uniformity

 Attempt to verify light distribution

 4 points next to 9 ANSI Lumen points, mostly the
4 corners
 13 points totalled and averaged
 Darkest point compared to average gives negative
percentual change (e.g. –40%)
 Brightest point compared to average gives positive
deviation (e.g. +35%)
 Some suppliers express brightness uniformity in
one percentage e.g. 90% but they take the 9 ANSI
points only
Noise level

 Measured in dB (decibel)
 Used to express the noise produced by the projector
e.g. from the fans, color wheel and power supply
 Standard measurement devices at 1 meter distance
from the projector
 InFocus 5 positions
 Competitors from above
 Most projectors have cooling algorithms which will
increase fan speed (and noise) following heating up
 The more volume, the less air flow noise
Keystone correction

 Expresses correction in number of degrees

tilting (front raising)
 Raising the projector will give non-
rectangular image
 Digital keystone correction is reducing
pixels in the top to make the image equally
wide at the top and the bottom
 May give some strange artefacts when
applied to black/white images
 Proxima
Systems ProjectionLink
clean Connectionssingle-wire
installation connectivity

Data Standards
RS-232 control

Video Standards
Data Sheet Specifications Tenders
remote
Customer Inquiries switching
Flexible installation
integrated signal

ENOUGH ! booster
NOW, LINK IT YOURSELVES !

 Laptop PC for PowerPoint presentation

 Simple set up without remote mouse control
 Analog or Digital
 Video device
 European VCR with SCART output connector
 DVD player with S-Video or Component video
output connectors

It’s Coffee and Sigar Time For Me…