CAMARIG, KINJIE D.

BTLED III-1

Learning Assessment

1. Name analog video formats

 1”Reel-Reel C
 U-Matic Lo-Band, U-Matic Hi-Band and U-Matic SP
 NTSC TV Broadcast Mono and Color

2. Name worldwide video formats

 National Television System Committee ( NTSC ), Phase Alternating Line ( PAL ), and
Sequential Color and Memory ( SECAM ).

3. Name ITU color standards

 Rec. 709, also known as Rec.709, BT.709, and ITU 709, is a standard developed by ITU-
R for image encoding and signal characteristics of high-definition television.
 BT.709-6 defines the Picture characteristics as having a (widescreen) aspect ratio of 16:9,
1080 active lines per picture, 1920 samples per line, and a square pixel aspect ratio.

4. What are the common Hertz frequencies for video?

 Any of the frequencies present in the output of a television camera, from almost 0 to over
4 megahertz. Any frequency applied to the receiver's picture tube in order to display the
picture.

5. Which kind of scanning do you know?

 Interlaced scans transmits the frame as odd (1,3,5 …) and even (2,4,6 …) numbered
lines for 1/60 of a second (in reference to 60 Hz). The process is repeated over and over
and each series of lines displayed is what is called the field.
  In a progressive scan, the entire frame is transmitted at once. All the lines in frame are
drawn at once to fill the screen. Progressive scans are more ideal for digital transmission
compared to older interlaced scanning techniques. It became a technical standard for use
with HD (High Definition) TV displays in the early 1990's.

6. What are the common picture ratios?

 The most common aspect ratios are 4:3, 3:2, and more recently found in consumer
cameras, 16:9. Other aspect ratios, such as 5:3, 5:4, and 1:1 (square format).

7. Name standard and high definition video formats

 SD (Standard Definition) video specifies the video and audio codecs and file format that
allows users to watch video on several electronic devices built to SD standards. SD video
supports different formats, including VC-1, H.264, MPEG-4 and MPEG-2. Standard
definition has always been a 4:3 aspect ratio with a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels.
 AVCHD is a format used for HD video playback and digital recording. This video format
was designed by Panasonic and Sony for professional high definition video recording.
AVCHD also lets you store hours of high-quality video using only a tiny amount of data
by leveraging the H. 264/MPEG-4 video compression technology.

8. Describe all standard DV technology formats

 DVCAM and DVCPRO - ape width and encoding formats are the same, and cartridges
are mostly interchangeable. In pro models, quality camera lenses and electronics made
the difference.
 DV Is Standard Resolution (SD) - DV records 720 horizontal pixels and 480 interlaced
lines of standard resolution in countries with 60Hz electric current and 576 lines for
50Hz.

9. Describe all high definition video formats

 HD formats Following is a summary of high-definition (HD) digital video formats, which

provide 720 or 1080 lines of resolution. In the past, high-definition analog TV systems
 were developed; however, their usage was miniscule compared to the standard-definition
(SD) analog NTSC, PAL and SECAM TV formats.
 Blu-ray - The standard HD optical disc.
 AVC-Intra - An HD format that uses the highest-quality modes of the H.264 standard.
 AVCHD - An HD format for camcorders based on Blu-ray, H.264 and Dolby Digital
standards.
 D-5 HD - The HD version of the D5 videotape format. See D-5.
 D-9 HD - The HD version of the D-9 videotape format, which uses VHS cassettes
containing enhanced magnetic tape.
 DNxHD - A high-quality editing format from Avid for post- production workflows.
 DVCPRO HD - The HD version of Panasonic's variant of the DV format.
 DivX HD - The HD version of DivX. Popular for online downloading due to its high
compression.
 HDCAM - The HD version of Sony's Digital Betacam half-inch tape format.
 HD DVD - HD DVD optical discs competed with Blu-ray until 2008 and lost.
 HDV - The HD version of the DV magnetic tape format.
 ProRes - A high-quality editing format from Apple for post- production workflows.
 XDCAM HD - The HD version of Sony's tapeless camcorder format.
 Chinese Formats - There have been several HD formats introduced in the Chinese
market that were developed to avoid paying royalties to other countries, including the
Forward Versatile Disc (see FVD) and Enhanced Versatile Disc (see EVD).
 Russian Formats - D Data Inc., a Russian company with offices in New York, appeared
briefly in the 2007 time frame and then disappeared. It touted its High Definition Digital
Multi-layer Disc (HD-DMD) format, using multiple layers and the same red laser as a
DVD drive.

10. What is the future of technology?

 Emerging technologies, such as industrial robots, artificial intelligence, and machine

learning, are advancing at a rapid pace. These developments can improve the speed,
quality, and cost of goods and services, but they also displace large numbers of workers.