HDTV

Technology
 Outline

•Introduction
•HD-History
•Architecture
•Characteristics of HD standard
•Difference b/w HD & Analog
•Future of HD
•Summary
•Conclusion
•Refrences
 WHY HD
To Overcome Limitations
of Analog Television
• Noise free pictures
• Higher resolution images
Widescreen / HDTV
• No Ghosting
• Enhanced Sound Services
• Other Data services.

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High Definition Television

DEFINITION: HDTV is generally recognized as a digital

video broadcast with a minimum resolution of 1280
pixels wide and 720 pixels high, a rate of 30 or more
frames/second and usually an aspect ratio of 16:9.

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 HDTV History
• Early 1980’s:
– Japan created analog HDTV
• Mid-1980s:
– US, trying to stay competitive, decided to go
digital
– Congress gave stations a separate channel for
transition to digital broadcast with the goal of all
stations using digital broadcasts by 2006.
 Currently...

• Less than 15% of US homes have HDTV

capabilities
• Approximately 21% of stations have digital
broadcasts
High Definition Television
A standard definition analog television uses a
cathode ray tube with an electron gun to guide
the path of an electron beam to “paint” 480
vertical lines across the face of the screen. Each
time the beam strikes a dot of phosphor, light is
produced. For a color television set, each spot
consists of a group of three phosphor elements;
one for each primary color.

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HOW HD WORK

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 Implementation - Display technologies

• Plasma – Like LCD monitors, plasma HDTV sets are thin and are made up of cells
that correspond to pixels sandwiched between glass plates. Plasma cells contain three
separate gas-fill sub-cells, one for each color. When a current is applied to a sub-cell,
it ionizes the gas emitting ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light in turn excites
fluorescent substances in the sub-cells that emit red, blue or green light.

• DLP – Digital light processing is a technology used in projection displays. In DLP

monitors, light is reflected off an array of microscopic hinged mirrors. Each tiny
mirror corresponds to a visible pixel. The light is channeled through a lens onto the
surface of the screen. Single chip DLP projectors can display 16.7 million colors. 3-
chip projectors can display 35 trillion colors.

• LCoS – Similar to DLP, LCoS projection systems use liquid crystals instead of mirrors
to block light. The liquid crystals are arranged in a grid in front of a highly reflective
surface.
 Motion Blur

A sequence of images such of a movie or

animation
 HD TV Screen Refresh Rates

•A rate of 24 frames/second (progressive) has

been the movie film standard since the mid-20’s

•The television industry has used a rate of 60

frames/second (interlaced) since the 40’s

•Newer HDTV’s are being marketed as 120 Hz

and 240 Hz using circuitry to help reduce motion
blur

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Technical Aspects

Interlaced display
Frame rate conversion - 3-2 pulldown
 What is a format?

Formats are described by:

Number Number
Scanning Picture Frame rate
of active pixels of active lines
mode aspect ratio
per line per frame

Current main standards are:

SMPTE 274 M SMPTE 296 M

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 Archiving High definition

High definition video Standard definition video

1980 pixels 1080 lines 720 pixels 576 lines

1- hour programme file size : 1- hour programme file size :

from374 GB to 673 GB* 72 GB

To archive HD, Compression

could be required.

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 HDTV & SDTV Comparison

• Judging simply on pixel count, a 1080i HDTV

image is 6 - 9 times better than a standard, NTSC
image

• Audio is also improved.

HDTV & SDTV Comparison
 Advantages
• By using lower-definition signals, one channel
can be split into several channels
• Extra channels used for:
– information services (datacasting)
– music
– Internet services
 HDTV Features
• Provides up to 60 frames/sec screen writing
rate
• Uses MPEG-2 data compression
– source info data rate is 1.2Gbps
– broadcast data rate is 20Mbps
• Square pixels 1/4 the size of analog TV’s pixels
 Type Of HDTV
Type Advantage Disadvantage

Heavy, max screen size limited,

Direct View (CRT) Cheap (if you can find one)
soon to be obsolete

Competitive price, suitable for rooms Motion blur more apparent than
LCD
with high ambient light Plasma

Brighter colors, less motion blur, wider More power consumption than
Plasma
viewing angle LCD, less competitive price

More bulky then flat panel, more

Rear Projection Larger screen size at lower cost
components to fail

Costly installation, not suitable for

Front Projection Best solution for screens over 60 inches
rooms with high ambient light
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 Connecting To Analog TV

Composite DVD
Or S-Video

Composite
or or S-Video
Composite or Composite From VCR
(if available) or S-Video
S-Video From VCR

COAX
VCR
 Connecting To Digital TV
Digital Signal from Cable or Satellite

Component,
Composite DVD
Or S-Video

or Composite
or S-Video
Component From VCR
Or HDMI
Composite or
COAX S-Video
Cable or Satellite VCR
 Impact of HDTV

• Broadcasters & consumers spend more $

• Increased visual clarity has forced designers to spend

considerably more money on sets, set dressings

• Blu-Ray vs HD-DVD
 Future of HD

• DEC 2012: All commercial stations must begin

digital broadcasts

• Move will be cheaper, quicker, and easier as products

and services become more widespread and people
grow accustomed to the new technology.

• Super HD TV
 Conclusion

• As NTSC retires, HDTV programming, products, and

production services will continue to grow exponentially.

• HDTV has brought a more cinematic experience into

viewer’s homes and with digital cinema, delivered the film
industry a few of the benefits of television. However,
HDTV still has much lower resolution than 70mm film.
It’s a matter of time before some will begin pressuring for
another increase in quality.
Questions

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