Natural And Ergogenic

Supplements

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 Supplements

 Natural
 Herbal
 Nutraceutical – any dietary or nutritional supplement
used for general health benefits

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 Dietary Supplement Health And
Education Act

 Can commercially promote a natural substance claiming:

 Improved function
 Improved health
 Cannot claim the supplement will affect a disease process

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 For a dietary supplement to be a food, it must contain
one or more of the following
 Vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, metabolites, etc…
 Can assist with the nutritional needs of humans

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 “who and how many people” use supplements to
enhance performance? Not known

 Testimonials; no scientific evidence

 Information from coaches, teammates, athletic

trainer

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 Understanding “Natural”
 Generally accepted as anything that is not artificial or
that is produced by nature
 Comes from earth and necessary for human function
 The body will easily assimilate the product
 Public equates “natural” with safety

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 Anything put into the body has potential to create
a negative response
 Children at a greater risk
 Studies in 1998
 1990 – 1997: herbal remedy use up 380%
 47% of general public use herbal medicines
 18% of herbal medicine users do not tell their physician

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 Risk Factors

 Identification of substances in herbal products is

currently not possible
 1 – 100’s of active chemical substances
 Contamination
 Heavy metals, bacteria, pesticides

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 Risk Factors

 Four basic risks

 Purity of the herbal supplement
 Toxic side effects
 Interactive effects with other drugs or herbs
 Drug contamination – growth, production, bottling, etc.

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 Supplement Purity

 Ingredients on label are not always actual amount

found in container
 Not even included, amounts too high or too low
 When amount is not disclosed reliably, numerous
different types of problems may result

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 Green et al (2001):
 11 of the 12 products tested did not meet the labeling
standards required by law
 One product contained 77% more of the supplement
than was indicated on the label
 11 products contained less of the supplement than
indicated

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 Supplement Toxicity

 Toxicity based on:

 Dose of the herb
 Other drugs or herbs being taken
 Duration and frequency of exposure to the herb
 Reactions vary:
 Skin rashes, hepatic toxicity, death
 Energy boosters, weight control, pain control,
anti-inflammatory, anti-depressants…

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 Supplement Interactions

 Interaction of supplements with other medications

 Can reduce effectiveness of medications
 Adverse effects

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Table 13-1: Examples of Herbal/Drug
Interactions (pg 183)

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 Supplement Contamination

 Production and manufacture

 Species of the plant
 Soil
 Fertility and overall growing environment
 Part of the plant
 Extraction method

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 “Natural” Ergogenic Aids

 Ergogenic – having the ability to increase work,

especially to increase the potential for work
 May allow athlete to participate in activity longer or
respond more quickly to a stimulus
 Will NOT increase skill level

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 Sports Drinks

 Marketing
 Replace fluids and electrolytes
 Athlete’s preference (taste)
 Gatorade
 Research varies

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 Energy Drinks

 “Energy booster”
 Caffeine
 Upset stomach
 Diuretic effect
 Detect in drug tests
 Possible problems with drinks with /added herbal or
natural substances

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Table 13-3: Energy, Carbohydrate, and Additional
Ingredients Found in Selected Sports Drinks

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 Table 13-3: Energy, Carbohydrate, and Additional
Ingredients Found in Selected Sports Drinks (cont.)

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What is in a sports drink ?

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 Dietary Techniques
 Carbohydrate loading
 Zone Diet
 Vitamins and Minerals
 Amino Acids
 Aids in rebuilding damaged tissues
 Controversial
 glucosamine

Zone diet is a high-fat, low carbohydrate fad diet devised by biochemist Barry Sears.

It specifies the consumption of calories from carbohydrates and protein in a specified
ratio, recommending eating five times a day to create a sense of satiety that
discourages overeating.
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 Whey Protein
 Derived from milk
 Aids in repair of damaged muscle and even increase size
and overall capability of the muscle

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 Erythropoietin Alpha (EPO)
 Blood product that signals body to produce RBCs
 RBCs deliver oxygen to muscles, organs, tissues
 Endurance athletes
 Not easily detected by drug testing
 “blood doping"

Epoetin alfa / EPO is human erythropoietin24produced in cell culture using recombinant

DNA technology