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GRADE 8
SCIENCE
Density, Volume and Mass
Question:
What is the density of an object with a mass of 10 g
and volume of 2 cm3?
Answer:
Try It!
1. C a l c u l a t e t h e d e n s i t y o f a b l o c k o f w o o d
measuring 5cm x 10cm x 12 cm. The mass of
this block is 45g. (/6)
2. K n o w i n g t h a t t h e d e n s i t y o f w a t e r i s
1.0g/cm3, would this block of wood sink or
float in water? (/1)
(NOTE* POINTS ARE GIVEN FOR THE EQUATIONS USED TO
CALCULATE BOTH VOLUME & DENSITY, PLUS ANSWERS GIVEN
WITH CORRECT UNITS!!)
/7
Methods to find the density of
solids
METHOD 1:
A REGULAR SHAPED OBJECT
1.Place the object on the top pan balance and measure its mass.
2.Fill a measuring cylinder so that there is enough water to cover
the object when it is placed inside the cylinder.
3.Take the reading of the volume.
4.Carefully lower the object into the cylinder.
5.Take the new reading of the volume.
6.Subtract the original reading to obtain the volume of the
object.
7.Use the measurements to calculate the density of the stone.
Steps to find the density of
liquid
TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY
OF WATER YOU WILL NEED A
GRADUATED CYLINDER, A
SCALE OR BALANCE, AND
WATER.
GRADUATED CYLINDERS ARE
SPECIAL CONTAINERS THAT
HAVE LINES OR GRADATIONS
THAT ALLOW YOU TO
MEASURE A SPECIFIC
VOLUME OF LIQUID.
IN ORDER TO FIND THE DENSITY,
YOU HAVE TO KNOW THE MASS
AND VOLUME OF THE LIQUID IN
QUESTION.
YOU WILL USE THE GRADUATED
CYLINDER TO OBTAIN THE MASS
OF THE WATER, BUT YOU HAVE TO
SUBTRACT OUT THE WEIGHT OF
THE GRADUATED CYLINDER SO
YOU KNOW YOU’RE ONLY
MEASURING THE MASS OF THE
WATER ITSELF.
TURN THE BALANCE ON AND MAKE
SURE IT IS SET TO ZERO.
PLACE THE DRY, EMPTY
GRADUATED CYLINDER ON THE
BALANCE.
RECORD THE MASS OF THE
CYLINDER IN GRAMS (G).
FOR EXAMPLE, LET’S SAY THE
EMPTY GRADUATED CYLINDER
WEIGHS 11 GRAMS.
IT DOESN’T MATTER HOW MUCH
WATER YOU ADD, BUT BE SURE
TO NOTE THE EXACT AMOUNT.
READ THE VOLUME BY LOOKING
AT THE CYLINDER AT EYE LEVEL
AND RECORDING THE VOLUME
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
MENISCUS.
Buoyancy is the
tendency for materials
to sink or float in a
liquid
The upward force
exerted on objects in a
fluid is called buoyant
force.
Buoyancy Continued…
Floating occurs
when an object does
not fall or sink
EXAMPLE:
A steel boat can float on
What is AVERAGE DENSITY? water even though steel is
The total mass of an object
divided by its total volume more dense than water.
Buoyancy in Fish?
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/mark-salata-how-taking-a-bath-led-to-archimedes-pr
inciple
Archimedes
Archimedes was a great scientist who lived more than 2000 years ago in a Greek
city called Syracuse. He was very clever at inventing and figuring out how things
work, so King Hiero needed his help many times.
Density of gold 20 g/cm3 Density of silver 10 g/cm3
1cm3 of gold has a mass of 20 g 1cm3 of silver has a mass of 10 g
For the same volume, gold has more mass Silver has to have a bigger
volume to have an equal
mass to gold
Mass = 25.5 g
25.5 g
Volume = 18 – 5 = 13 mL
Water Water
level =
Density = m / V
level =
5 mL 18 mL
Density = ?
YOUR CHALLENGE:
Using Archimedes Principle:
1. Calculate the density of a marble
2. Calculate the density of your pen or
pencil
Neutral Buoyancy