CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

GROUP 6

NISAUL HAFIZAH 17033142

RAHMADILLA ALFATH 17033148
RAHMI JUITA HUSNA 17033108
SEPTI PUTRI DEWI 17033156
 Definition of conditional
sentence
Conditional sentences are sentences
expressing factual implications, or
hypothetical situations and their
consequences. They are so called because
the validity of the main clause of the
sentence is conditional on the existence of
certain circumstances, which may be
expressed in a dependent clause or may be
understood from the context.
A full conditional sentence (one which
expresses the condition as well as its
consequences) therefore contains two
clauses:

the dependent the main clause

clause expressing the
expressing the consequence,
condition, called called the
the protasis; apodosis
 Example:
 If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled.

"If it rains", this "the picnic will be

cancelled", this
being the being the
protasis apodosis. rotasis
Type of conditional sentence

Type 1 Type 3

Type 2
 Type 1

 refers to predictive conditional sentences

(see above section); here, normally, the
condition is expressed using the present
tense and the consequence using the future:

 If you make a mistake, someone will let

you know.

 if + present tense + future tense

 Type 2
 refers to the pattern where the condition clause uses the past
subjunctive (or in colloquial English, simply the past tense), and the
consequence is in conditional mood (using would or, in the first person
and rarely, should). This is used for hypothetical, counterfactual
situations in a present or future time frame (where the condition
expressed is known to be false or is presented as unlikely).

 if + past subjunctive + would + 1st form of verb (infinitive)

If I were hungry, I would not tell thee: for the world is mine, and the
fulness thereof.

 One can also use a compound past subjunctive, "were to" plus
infinitive:

If it were to rain tomorrow, I would dance in the street.

The form used in the condition clause is
historically the past subjunctive. In present-day
English this is identical to the past indicative
except for the verb be in the first and third
person singular, where the indicative is was and
the past subjunctive is were. In this case both
the subjunctive and the indicative are
commonly used — was is more colloquial,
although the phrase if I were you is common in
colloquial language too:

If I (he, she, it) was/were rich, there would be

plenty of money available for this project.
 Type 3

is the pattern where the condition clause is in the past

subjunctive form of the present perfect (now identical
with the past perfect even for the verb "be"), and the
consequence is expressed using the conditional
perfect. This is used to refer to hypothetical,
counterfactual (or believed likely to be counterfactual)
situations in the past

 if + had + would have + 3rd form of verb

 If you had called me, I would have come.

 Conditional sentence without if

Conditional sentence without if is

generally divided into two major
groups. Without If conditional
sentence use the inversion sentence
and use a certain conjunction.
1. Conditional sentence without if with the inversion
sentence
The first conditional sentences without if is made
using the phrase “Inversion”. Inversion sentence is a
sentence where the sequence of the subject and
predicate position is different from the usual sentence. In
the inversion sentence, predicate is positioned before
the subject.

Inversion Type 1 : Possible to happen in the future

Normal pattern : If + S + V.1/to be (is, am, are), S +
Will/Can/May + V.1/be
Inversion pattern : Should + S + V.1/be, S +
Will/Can/May + V.1/be
Example :
1. Normal : If you study hard, you will pas
the exam with flying colours.
Inversion : Should you study hard, you
will pass the exam with flying
colours.
2. Normal : If you don't have any schedule
tomorrow, I will visit you.
Inversion : Should you not have any
tomorrow, I will visit you.
Inversion Type 2 : Impossible to happen now
Normal pattern : If + S + V.2/were + O/Complement, S
+ Would + V.1/be
Inversion pattern : Were + S + Complement, S +
Would + V.1/be
Note : Sentences that can be changed into inversion for
conditional sentence type 2 are only sentences that use
to be (were).
Example :
1. Normal : If I were you, I would go home now.
Inversion : Were I you, I would go home now.
Inversion Type 3 : Impossible to happen in the
past
Normal pattern : If + S + Had + V.3/been, S +
Would have + V.3/been
Inversion pattern : Had + S + V.3/been, S +
Would have + V.3/been
Example :
Normal : If I had studied here last week, I
would have met her.
Inversion : Had I studied here last week, I
would have met her.
2. Conditional sentence without if with conjunction

Conditional sentences without if caan also be made

with conjunctions of UNLESS and OTHERWISE
because the two conjunctions already contain if
meaning in a negative context.
UNLESS = EXCEPT IF
OTHERWISE = IF NOT
By using two conjunctions above we can make
conditional sentences for type 1, type 2, and type 3.
 UNLESS
Example :
Type 1 :
=> You will not pass if you don't work hard.
=> You will not pass unless you work hard.
Type 2:
=> If I weren't really hungry, I wouldn't eat that food.
=> Unless I were really hungry, I wouldn't eat that food.
Type 3 :
=> They would have kidnapped her if she had not given them
the money.
=> They would have kidnapped her unless she had given them
the money.
 OTHERWISE
Example :
=> Do not talk to me otherwise I call to Police.
=> He had come on time last week otherwise
teachers would have abased him.
=> He must change his bike tire otherwise it
will harm him.
 Haspelmath, Martin; König, Ekkehard;
Oesterreicher, Wulf; Raible, Wolfgang:
Language Typology and Language
Universals, Walter de Gruyter, 2001, p. 1002.
 Craig Thane, Teacher Training Essentials:
Workshops for Professional Development,
Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 67.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sent
ence#References