w w

dw  dx  dy
x y

w w dx w dy w w
   cos   sin 
n x dn y dn x y

 w / y 
tan 1   
 w / x 
 2 2
w  w   w 
     
n  x   y 

 w / x 
tan  2   
 w / y 

(tan 1) (tan 2) = -1

1   w  2w
   2
rx x  x  x

1   w  2w
      2
ry y  y  y
 1   w 
  
rn n  n 

    
  cos   sin   1
n  x y 
We determine
rn

1  1 1 1 
 cos   sin 2  sin  
2 2

rn  rx rxy ry 


1  1 1 1 
 sin   sin 2  cos  
2 2

rt  rx rxy ry 

 1 1 1 1
  
rn rt rx ry

Average curvature

1   w 
  
rnt t  n 
Strain – Curvature relation
When the plate is subjected to bending, then the strains caused at a distance z
from the neutral or middle plane can be related to the curvatures of the surface.
If we consider xz and yz planes of the plate and denote 1 and 1 as the
rx ry
curvatures of the surfaces along these planes, then the strains in x and y
directions can be determined from the following equation
 z 2w
x    z 2
rx x
z 2w
y   z 2
ry y

w u
 zx   0
x z
w v
 yz   0
y z

w
z  0
z
 w
u  z  c1 ( x, y)
x
w
v  z  c 2 ( x , y)
y

w
u  z
x
w
v  z
y
 2w
x  z 2
x

2w
y   z 2
y

2w
 xy  2z
x y
Moment – Curvature Relations

h / 2 h / 2

  zdzdy  M dy,
h / 2
x x   zdxdz  M dx,
h / 2
y y

h / 2 h / 2

T
h / 2
xy zdydz  M xy dy, T
h / 2
yx zdxdz  M yx dx,
 M x   D11 D12 0     2 w / x 2 
     2 
 M y   D12 0     w / y 
2
D 22
M   0 0 D 66   2 2 w / xy
 xy  
 3
Exh
D11 
12 1  v xy v yx 

3
E yh
D 22 
12 1  v xy v yx 
3
E y v xy h
D12 
12 1  v xy v yx 

3
G xy h
D 66 
12
For an isotropic material

3
Eh
D  D11  D 22 

12 1  v 2

3
Eh v
D12  D v 

12 1  v 2

1 v 
3
Eh
D 66   D 
 2  24 1  v 
Rectangular plate
 Equilibrium Equations

 Q x   Q y 
 Qx  dx dy  Q x dy   Q y  dy dx  Q y dx  qdxdy  0
 x   y 
Q x Q y
 q 0
x y

M xy M y
  Qy  0
x y

M xy M x
  Qx  0
y x
 M x M xy
Qx  
x y

M y M xy
Qy  
y x

 Mx
2
 2 M xy  2M y
2   q
x 2
xy y 2

4w 4w 4w

D11 4  2  D12  2D 66  2 2  D 22 4  q
x x y y
 q
  w
2 2

  2
 2

   2  2 
2

 x y 

 2w 2w 
M x  M y   D (1  v)  2  2 
 x y 

Mx  My
M
1 v
  2w 2w  M
 2  2   
 x y  D

  2M  2M 
 2  2   q
 x y 

 3w 3w 
Q x   D11 3  (D12  2D 66 ) 2
 x xy 

 3w 3w 
Q y   D 22 3  (D12  2D 66 ) 2 
 y x y 
  2
Q x  D  w
x

 2
Q y  D  w
y

Boundary Conditions
Differential equation – fourth order

Rectangular plate

(a) Clamped or fixed edge

w
Along x = a, w 0
x
(b) Simply supported edge

Along x = a, w = 0,

 w2
 w
2
M x   D  2  v 2   0
 x y 

 w
2
Along x = a, w0  2   0
 x 
(c) Free edge