Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cell Structure
Classification and Identification
Methods
Growth, Survival and Death of
Microorganism
Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells
Characteristic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Human
Bacterial Cells Cells
DNA within a No Yes
nuclear membrane
Mitotic division No Yes
DNA associated No Yes
with histones
Chromosome One More than one
number
Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells
Characteristic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Human
Bacterial Cells Cells
Membrane-bound No Yes
organelles such as
mitochondria and
lysosomes
Size of ribosomes 70S 80S
Cell wall containing Yes No
peptidoglycan
Structure of Bacterial Cells
Classification by shape
Cocci – sphericals (lancet-shaped, kidney shaped)
Bacilli - rods
Spirilla - spiral
Basic shapes
Cocci (Coccus)
Bacilli (Bacillus)
Spirilla (Spirillum)
Structure of Bacterial Cells
In chains - streptobacilli
Some bacilli look like straw, others have square ends or
rounded ends or tapered ends like cigars & termed fusiform
or they may align themselves side by side (palisading)
Cytoplasmic membrane
1. Composed of phospholipid bilayer..
Mesosome
1. This invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane is
important during cell division when it functions as
the origin of the transverse septum that divides the
cell in half.
Cytoplasm
Has two distinct areas:
1. An amorphous matrix that contains ribosomes,
nutrient granules, metabolites and plasmids.
Nucleoid
1. The area in the cytoplasm in which DNA is located.
Ribosomes
1. Site of protein synthesis as in eukaryotic cells, but
they differ in size and chemical composition.
Granules
1. Serve as storage areas for nutrients and stain
characteristically with certain dyes.
Plasmids
1. Extrachromosomal, double-stranded, circular DNA
molecules that are capable of replicating
independently of the bacterial chromosome.
Transposon
1. Pieces of DNA that move readily from one site to
another, either within or between the DNAs of bacteria,
plasmids and bacteriophages. In view of their unusual
ability to move, they are nicknamed “jumping genes.”
2. Macroscopic morphology
Identification of Bacteria
3. Nutritional requirements – utilization of various
carbon and nitrogen sources
Nutrients
Physical conditions Generation per hour
Phase of Growth Growth Rate
Accelerating Increasing
Retardation Decreasing
Studies of metabolism
Steady state or balanced growth
Chemostat or turbidostat
Maximum Stationary Phase
Exhaustion of nutrients
Growth Ceased
Synchronous
growth
Cell growth
Organization & differentiation