Computational Modeling of a Stack

Sampling Location for Radioactive Air

Emissions

JM Barnett, MY Ballinger, KP Recknagle, and

ST Yokuda

2005 HPS Annual Meeting

Spokane, Washington
TAM-D.1.5
 Purpose of Study

Evaluate a current stack sampling system per

ANSI N13.1 – 1999.
Determine usefulness of CFD model
 Predict actual measurements from scale-model
 Understand fluid dynamics of system
Follow up to previous work (2003 Presentation)

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 Contents

Describe Code and Activities

 Summarize Previous Work
 Describe Additional Efforts
Present Results
Conclusions

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Laboratory/Scale Model/Code

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 CFD Code

Software
 STAR-CD (Computational Dynamics Ltd)
 1.2 million cells for 3-D model elements
Hardware
 6 processors (1.5 GHz, Itanium 2)
Run Parameters
 1200 - 1600 Iterations for convergence
 12 – 23 hrs for each case (72-138 CPU hrs)

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 Activities

Previous Work
 Created 3-D Model
 Modeled Current Stack Flow (Prototype Scale)
 Injection at two locations
 Modeled Full Scale Stack
Additional Work
 Model Low-Flow Conditions
 Flow from near fan vs far fan
 Injection at near fan vs far fan

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Current Flow – Flow Patterns

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Low Flow – Particle Near Fan

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Low Flow – Particle Far Fan

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 Current Flow Comparison
(Criteria ≤ 20)

Test Scale CFD Full-Scale

Measurement Prediction Measurement
Vel. Uniform, COV % 2.2 – 2.8 5.4 4.1
Cyclonic Flow,  º 6.5 – 7.0 5.2
Gas Tracer Uniform, 2–7 8.2
COV % (near fan)
Gas Tracer Uniform, 1–2 1.2
COV % (far fan)
Aerosol Uniform, 4.6 – 5.3 13
COV % (near fan)
Aerosol Uniform, 4.8 – 11.0 1.2
COV % (far fan)
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 Low Flow Comparison
(Criteria ≤ 20)

Test Scale CFD Full-Scale

Measurement Prediction Measurement
Vel. Uniform, COV % 1.6 – 9.4 4.7 – 6.7 3.9-10.7
Cyclonic Flow,  º 8.0 – 14.3 5.9 – 7.3
Gas Tracer Uniform, 2.5 – 5.5 2.0
COV % (near fan)
Gas Tracer Uniform, 1.6 – 2.5 0.9
COV % (far fan)
Aerosol Uniform, 8.3 3.3
COV % (near fan)
Aerosol Uniform, 7.4 – 11.6 0.9
COV % (far fan)
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 Conclusions

CFD Model Results Comparable to Measurements

 Both show compliance to standard
 Model may predict more uniformity at far fan
Useful in Understanding Fluid Dynamics
Aid in Design/Retrofit
 Relatively inexpensive (~$20K)
Testing not comprehensive
 Not used in lieu of test measurements at this time
Does not consider other ANSI N13.1 criteria (e.g.,
line losses, aspiration criteria, etc.)
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