Fundamentals of Safety

•Industry work is full of hazards

• Necessary precautions as to be taken to ensure

safety of plants, machinery and the human beings.

• Accidents are very costly

• Injuries to workers cannot be compensated

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• Accidents leads to

1. Injury or even death of a worker

2. Damage to plant and equipment
3. Disruption of production schedules.
4. Lower morale of personnel
5. Prolonged absence of trained worker for
treatment
 Fundamentals of Safety
• Accidents may occur due to
a) Human error – 88 % is due to unsafe
practice, lack of oversight, wrong attitude
b) Mechanical failure - 10%- Plant condition,
equipment or tool failure
c) Acts and Nature – 2% - are caused due to
weather, flood or cyclone.
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Points for consideration for safety

• Requires wholehearted co-operation of all

members of the organisation.

• Accident do not “Just happen” – results of

unsafe conditions and unsafe acts.
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Due to unsafe acts

Causes major accidents

1.Operating without authority or warning
(closed switches, operating valves without
authority and proper line up, operating hoist,
cranes without warning, failure to place
caution boards )
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2. Operating or working unsafely
( as driving fast, throwing materials or tools at
other workers, jumping from vehicles or
platforms)
3. Making safety devices inoperative
( such as using oversize fuses blocking safety
valves, defeating or bypassing interlocks)
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4.Using unsafe equipment or using equipment
improperly
(using dull cutting tools, mushroom headed
chisels, wrong tools. Using hand instead of
tools)
5. Acquiring unsafe position or posture
( walking under suspended load or too close
to openings, lifting while in awkward position)
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6. Working on dangerous equipment
(such as cleaning, oiling or adjusting moving
machinery and working on live electrical
equipment)
7.Distracting, teasing, startling
(such as practical joking, horseplay quarlleling
or annoying)
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8. Failure of usage of personal protective
equipment (PPE)
(Failure to use rubber gloves and energised
equipment, to use goggles, helmet, safety
shoes)
9. Use of ornaments and keeping personal things
(Use of rings in fingers, carrying metallic pen,
wristwatch, coins, keys on pocket etc..)
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Unsafe conditions

1. Unguarded equipments (in moving parts of machine)

2. Defective materials or equipments (damaged tools
and materials)
3. Improper illumination (improper lighting and
shadows)
4. Unsafe design and constructions (construction of
platforms and scaffoldings)