VIDEO CONFERENCING

SUDESH KUMAR JANGRA

I.T.
2907303
About DRDO
• DRDO is organized and oriented by Indian Defence
Ministry and it is spread all over the India.
• It’s headquarter is situated in New Delhi.
• DRDO has a network of 52 laboratories.
• The organization includes more than 5,000
scientists and about 25,000 other scientific,
technical and supporting personnel.
• It covers various fields, like aeronautics,
armaments, electronic and computer sciences,
human resource development, life sciences,
materials, missiles, combat vehicles development
and naval research and development.
About Training
• DRDO is going to install video conferencing system
in all its branches which make possible to arrange
quick meetings. It is also helpful in saving money
and time on travelling.
• Therefore my work is to gather information about
its hardware requirement and there working. Also
know how the whole system works?
• This presentation will give the detail of video
conferencing working, addressing issues etc.
Introduction
• Its all about the communication.
Post →Telegraphy → Telephone → Fax → Mobile
→ Mail → IM → Video conferencing → ?

• What is Video Conferencing?

• Fundamental elements
Bandwidth—point of concern
• What is bandwidth?

• Why it is a point of concern?

• How much bandwidth is required?

• It depends on your requirements.
Calculating bandwidth for video conferencing

• No. of frames per sec. = 15 (for a normal camera)

• Resolution of a frame = 480 * 640 pixels
• Every pixel contains = 24 bits (for color coding, it
is 2 bit for black & white
display)

Now Data Rate = 15 * 480 * 680 * 24 bits

~ 112 mbps
Problems of Video Conferencing
• Bandwidth issue

• Addressing issue

• Streaming requirement

• Type of networks
Solutions
• Standards and Protocols

• Gatekeeper

• Gateways
Standards and Protocols
• Many protocols are used in a Video Conferencing.
• We need someone to make these standards as well
as also take care of these standards.
• United Nations agency, International
Telecommunications Union (ITU)
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
• The ITU has developed the H, G and T Series of
standards.
• IETF has developed RTP, RTCP and RSVP.
G and T Series of standards
• G standard is mainly used for audio compression.
• Like G.711
G.723
G.729

• T standards are used in data transfer.

• Like T.128 – Application sharing protocol.
H Series of Protocol
• H.3xx describes type of network.
• Like H.323 is used in IP based network
• H.320 is used in ISDN
• H.321 is used in ATM and B-ISDN
• H.324 is used in dial-up
• H.221 – frame structure
H.281 – far end camera control
H.261 & H.263 – video compression
And many more……….
H.323 standard
• Evolution of H.323 standard
• Components of H.323
 Terminals
 Gateway

 Gatekeeper

 MCU (Multipoint Control Unit)

Architecture of H.323
Scope of Protocols
Modes of Video Conferencing
• Point-to-Point

• Multi-point
Streaming, RTP and RTCP
• What is streaming?
• How streaming works?
Function of RTP, RTCP & RSVP
• These protocols act like an added layer to the
protocols that govern Web traffic. So when the
real-time protocols are streaming the data where it
needs to go, the other Web protocols are still
working in the background. These protocols also
work together to balance the load on the server. If
too many people try to access a file at the same
time, the server can delay the start of some
streams until others have finished.
Review
• Video conferencing
• Fundamental elements
• Bandwidth
• Network type
• Basic protocols
• Zone of a video conferencing
• Streaming
Multipoint Control Unit
• It is a machine or extra hardware which reduces
the burden of compressing and decompressing as
well as do coding and decoding of videos.
• No need of MCU in Point-to –Point video
conferencing.
• MCU is used in Multipoint control unit.
• Three types of Multipoint VC implementation
• Centralize
• Decentralize
• Hybrid