Object-Oriented Programming

(OOP)

Java Database Programming

19th September, 2019

Dr. Ramesh Kumar

Assistant Professor
Electronic Engineering Department, DUET
Karachi
Database
• Database systems are everywhere and play an
important role in society and in commerce
• Your personal information is stored in a database by
the government (NADRA)
• If you shop online, your purchase information is
stored in a database by the company
• If you attend a university, your academic information
is stored in a database by the university
• Database systems not only store data, they also
provide means of accessing, updating,
manipulating, and analyzing data

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Database
• A database system consists of a database, the
software that stores and manages data in the
database, and the application programs that present
data and enable the user to interact with the database
system

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Database
• A database is a repository of data that form information.
— Database Management Systems: MySQL, Oracle, IBM’s DB2
and Informix etc.
• Database management systems are designed for use by
professional programmers
• Application programs are built on top of the DBMS for
customers to access and update the database.
• Application programs can be viewed as the interfaces
between the database system and its users
• Application programs may be stand-alone GUI
applications or Web applications

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Database

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Relational Database
• Most of today’s database systems are relational
database systems
— Structure: Defines the representation of the data
— Integrity: Imposes constraints on the data
— Language: Provides the means for accessing and
manipulating data
• The relational model is built around a simple and
natural structure.
• A relation is actually a table that consists of non-
duplicate rows
• Tables are easy to understand and use

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Relational Database
• A row of a table represents a record
• A column of a table represents the value of a single
attribute of the record
• In relational database theory, a row is called a tuple
and a column is called an attribute

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Relational Database
• Unique values
• No duplicate rows
• Non-empty columns

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Relational Database
• Integrity Constraints
— Domain: specify the permissible values for an attribute
— Primary-Key: Used to identify tuples uniquely in a relation
— Foreign-Key: Define the relationships among relations
• The standard data type specifies a broad range of
values
• Additional constraints can be specified to narrow
the ranges & specify whether an attribute can be
null create table Course (courseId char(5),
subjectId char(4) not null,
courseNumber integer, title
varchar(50) not null, numOfCredits
integer, constraint greaterThanOne
check (numOfCredits >= 1)); ); 9
Supper Key
• A superkey is an attribute or a set of attributes that
uniquely identify the relation
• That is, no two tuples have the same values on the
superkey
• By definition, a relation consists of a set of
• distinct tuples
• The set of all attributes in the relation forms a
superkey.

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Structured Query Language (SQL)
• Standard language for querying and manipulating
data
• Two Major Parts
— Data Definition Language
— Data Manipulation Language
• Data Definition Language (DDL)
— Create/alter/delete tables and their attributes
• Data Manipulation Language (DML)
— Query one or more tables
— Insert/delete/modify rows in tables

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Database Table
Table name Attribute names

Product
PID PName Price Category Manufacturer

1101 Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks

1102 Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks

1103 SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon

1104 MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

Tuples or rows 12
Database Table
• The schema of a table is the table name and its
attributes:
• Product(PID, PName, Price, Category, Manufacturer)

• A key is an attribute whose values are unique;

• Underline a key below

• Product(PID, PName, Price, Category, Manufacturer)

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Creating a Table
CREATE TABLE Course (courseId char(5),
courseNumber integer, courseTitle varchar(50) not
null, numOfCredits integer, primary key (courseId) ) );

CREATE TABLE Student (ssn char(9), firstName varchar(25),

middleName varchar(1), lastName varchar(25), birthDate
date, street varchar(25), phone char(11), zipCode char(5),
deptId char(4), primary key (ssn) );

CREATE TABLE Enrollment ( ssn char(9), courseId char(5),

dateRegistered date, grade char(1), primary key (ssn,
courseId), foreign key (ssn) references Student(ssn),
foreign key (courseId) references Course(courseId)
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Insert, Update, and Delete
INSERT INTO Course (courseId, subjectId,
courseNumber, title, numOfCredits)
values ('11113', 'CSCI', '3720', 'Database Systems', 3);

UPDATE Course
set numOfCredits = 4
where title = 'Database Systems'

DELETE from Course

where title = 'Database Systems';

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SQL Query
• Basic form

SELECT
SELECT <attributes>
<attributes>
FROM
FROM <one
<one or
or more
more relations>
relations>
WHERE
WHERE <conditions>
<conditions>

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 Simple SQL Query
Product
PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

SELECT
SELECT **
FROM
FROM Product
Product
WHERE
WHERE category=‘Gadgets’
category=‘Gadgets’

PName Price Category Manufacturer

“selection” Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
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Simple SQL Query
Product
PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

SELECT
SELECT PName,
PName,Price,
Price,Manufacturer
Manufacturer
FROM
FROM Product
Product
WHERE
WHERE Price
Price>>100
100
PName Price Manufacturer
“selection” and SingleTouch $149.99 Canon
“projection” MultiTouch $203.99 Hitachi

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Joining two tables

SELECT DISTINCT lastName, firstName, courseId

FROM Student, Enrollment
WHERE Student.ssn = Enrollment.ssn and
lastName = 'Smith' and firstName = 'Jacob';

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Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
• JDBC is the Java API for accessing relational database
• A set of Java interfaces and classes used to write
Java programs for accessing and manipulating
relational databases
• Using the JDBC API, applications written in the Java
programming language can
—Execute SQL statements
—Retrieve results
—Present data in a user-friendly interface
—Propagate changes back to the database

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Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
• JDBC driver: Interface to
facilitate communications
between JDBC & database
• JDBC drivers are database
specific
• Provided by the database
vendors
• MySQL JDBC driver
• Oracle JDBC driver
• JDBC-ODBC bridge driver

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Developing Database Applications
Using JDBC
• Four key interfaces are needed to develop any database
application using Java:
—Driver
—Connection
—Statement
—ResultSet
• These interfaces define a framework for generic SQL
database access
• The JDBC API defines these interfaces
• JDBC driver vendors provide the implementation for the
interfaces
• Programmers use these interfaces

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Developing Database Applications
Using JDBC
• A JDBC application loads an appropriate driver using
Driver interface
• Connects to database using Connection interface
• Creates & executes SQL statements using
Statement
• Processes the result using the ResultSet interface if
the statements return results

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Database accessing Steps
• Loading drivers ( Class.forName("JDBCDriverClass") )
• Add mysql-connector-java-5.1.26.jar and ojdbc6.jar
in the classpath
• set classpath=%classpath%;c:\book\lib\mysql-
connector-java-5.1.26.jar;
• set classpath=%classpath%; c:\book\lib\ojdbc6.jar;

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Database accessing Steps
• Establishing connections
— Access: Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:ExampleMDBD
ataSource");
— MySQL: Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhos
t/javabook", "scott", "tiger")
— Oracle: Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@lia
ng.armstrong.edu:1521:orcl","scott", "tiger");

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Database accessing Steps
• Creating statements
— Statement statement =
connection.createStatement();
• Executing statements
— statement.executeUpdate ("create table Temp
(col1 char(5), col2 char(5))");
— ResultSet resultSet =statement.executeQuery
("select firstName, mi, lastName from Student
where lastName “ + " = 'Smith'");
• Processing Results
— System.out.println(resultSet.getString(1) + " "
+ resultSet.getString(2) + " " +
resultSet.getString(3));

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Simple JDBC Program

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