ARTHRI

TS By
Iachimovschi Dumitrita, M1910
Teacher- Marcela Simanschi
 Content
1. ARTHRITS. Definition
2. Types of the arthrits
3. Manifestations of the disease
3. Symptoms
4. Causes
4.Treatment
5. Risk factors
6. Prophylaxis
 Definition
Arthritis is a common condition
that causes pain and
inflammation in a joint.
In the UK, more than 10 million
people have arthritis or other,
similar conditions that affect the
joints. Arthritis affects people of
 Types of the
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the 2 most common
types of arthritis.Arthrits
Osteoarthritis initially affects the smooth cartilage lining of the
joint. This makes movement more difficult than usual, leading to
pain and stiffness. Severe loss of cartilage can lead to bone
rubbing on bone, altering the shape of the joint and forcing the
bones out of their normal position. The most commonly affected
joints are those in the: hands , spine, knees, hips.
In rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system targets
affected joints, which leads to pain and swelling. The bone and
cartilage can break down. People with rheumatoid arthritis can
also develop problems with other tissues and organs in their
body.
 Manifestations
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that
can affect more than just your joints. In some people, the
condition can damage a wide variety of body systems, including
the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.

An autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your

immune system mistakenly attacks your own body's tissues.

The inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis is what

can damage other parts of the body as well. While new types of
medications have improved treatment options dramatically,
severe rheumatoid arthritis can still cause physical disabilities.
 Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include:

1. Tender, warm, swollen joints

2. Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after
inactivity
3. Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite

Symptoms often spread to the wrists, knees, ankles, elbows,

hips and shoulders. In most cases, symptoms occur in the same
joints on both sides of your body. Rheumatoid arthritis can
affect many nonjoint structures, including: Skin, Eyes, Lungs,
Heart, Kidneys, Salivary glands, Nerve tissue, Bone marrow,
Blood vessels.
 Causes
Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the
immune system attacks the synovium — the
lining of the membranes that surround the
joints. The resulting inflammation thickens
the synovium, which can destroy the cartilage
and bone within the joint. Gradually, the joint
loses its shape. Doctors don't know what
starts this process, although a genetic
component appears likely.
 Treating arthritis
There's no cure for arthritis, but there are
many treatments that can help slow it down.
Osteoarthritis treatments include lifestyle
changes, medications and surgery. Treatment
for rheumatoid arthritis aims to slow the
condition's progress and minimise joint
inflammation. This helps prevent joint
damage. Treatments include medication,
physiotherapy and surgery.
 Risk factors
Factors that may increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis
include:

1. Age. Rheumatoid arthritis can occur at any age, but it

most commonly begins in middle age.
2. Family history.
3. Smoking. Smoking also appears to be associated with
greater disease severity.
4. Environmental exposures. People — especially
women age 55 and younger — who are overweight or
obese appear to be at a somewhat higher risk of
developing rheumatoid arthritis
 Arthritis Prevention: What Can You
Do?
1.Eat fish
2.Control the weight
3.Exercise. Exercise not only takes the stress of
excess weight off the joints, but also strengthens
the muscles around the joints.
4.Avoid injury
5.Protect your joints. Using the right techniques
when sitting, working, and lifting can help protect
joints.
6.See your doctor. If you do start to develop
arthritis, see your doctor or a rheumatologist.
Thank