Internet

History, Services

Lecture 6
Part One
 What Is the Internet?
• A network of networks, joining many government,
university and private computers together and providing
an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file
archives, hypertext documents, databases and other
computational resources
• The vast collection of computer networks which form and
act as a single huge network for transport of data and
messages across distances which can be anywhere from
the same office to anywhere in the world.

Written by William F. Slater, III

1996
President of the Chicago Chapter of the Internet Society
 What is the Internet?

• The largest network of networks in the world.

• Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching .
• Runs on any communications substrate.

From Dr. Vinton Cerf,

Co-Creator of TCP/IP
 The Creation of the Internet

• The creation of the Internet solved the following challenges:

– Basically inventing digital networking as we know it
– Survivability of an infrastructure to send / receive high-speed electronic
messages
– Reliability of computer messaging
 router
workstation
server
mobile
local ISP

regional ISP

company
network
 The Significance of the Internet
• It’s the first mass medium that involves
computers and uses digitized data.
• It provides the potential for media convergence,
the unification of all media.
• It’s transforming how we communicate, obtain
information, learn, seek jobs, and maintain
professional growth.
• Businesses find it an indispensable tool for their
needs.
 Internet Services
• Several services provided by the Internet
– FTP
– Telnet
– Web
– E-Mail
– Instant messaging
– VoIP

7
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 Internet Hosts

200 1969
ARPANET was born. 4 nodes
180
were inter-connected:
160
UCLA,SRI,UCSB, U. of Utah
140 Charley Kline from UCLA sent 1st
120
# of hosts

packet.
100 First RFC by Steve Crocker.
80
60
40
20
0
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 Internet Hosts

200 1970
RFC maintained by Jon Postel
180
(the RFC-editor).
160
ARPANET used NCP (Network
140 Control Protocol), first end-to-
120
# of hosts

end protocol
100
80
60
40
20
0
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 Internet Hosts

200 1971
15 nodes were connected.
180
Ray Tomlinson of BBN invented
160
email program.
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
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 Internet Hosts

200 1972
@ was chosen by Ray Tomlinson
180
to separate the userid and
160
hostname.
140
120
# of hosts

First computer-to-computer
100 chat program at UCLA.
80
60
40
20
0
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 Internet Hosts

200 1973
Ethernet was invented by Bob
180
Metcalfe's (Harvard PhD Thesis)
160
140
120
# of hosts

100
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40
20
0
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 Internet Hosts

200 1974
TCP (Transmission Control
180
Protocol) was invented by Vint
160
Cerf and Bob Kahn.
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
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 Internet Hosts

200 1975
First mailing list was created by
180
Steve Walker.
160
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
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 Internet Hosts

200 1976
Queen Elizabeth II sent out an
180
email.
160
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
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Dec-70

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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
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1978

Dec-71

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Dec-73
TCP splited into TCP and IP.

Dec-74
Internet Hosts

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 Internet Hosts

200 1979
3Com was co-founded by Bob
180
Metcalfe.
160
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
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 Internet Hosts

180000 1981
160000 BITNET (Because It’s Time
140000
NETwork) was started.
120000
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
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Dec-87
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 Internet Hosts

180000 1982
160000 DoD used TCP/IP to inter-
140000
connect networks. Thus, the
Internet!!!
120000
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-71

Dec-87
Dec-69

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 Internet Hosts

180000 1983
160000 NCP → TCP/IP.
140000
ARPANET was split into
ARPANET and MILNET.
120000
BSD included TCP/IP.
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-71

Dec-87
Dec-69

Dec-73

Dec-75

Dec-77

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Dec-85
 Internet Hosts

180000 1984
160000 DNS (Domain Name System)
140000
was introduced.
120000
> 1000 hosts.
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-71

Dec-87
Dec-69

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Dec-75

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 Internet Hosts

180000 1986
160000 NSFNET was created, connecting
140000
5 super-computers.
IETF was formed.
120000
NNTP was created.
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-71

Dec-87
Dec-69

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 Internet Hosts

180000 1987
160000 > 10,000 hosts.
140000
120000
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-71

Dec-87
Dec-69

Dec-73

Dec-75

Dec-77

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Dec-81

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Dec-85
 Internet Hosts

180000 1988
160000 First Internet Worm released by
140000
Morris.
CERT (Computer Emergency
120000
Response Team) was formed as
# of hosts

100000 a result.
80000 IRC was created.
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-71

Dec-87
Dec-69

Dec-73

Dec-75

Dec-77

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Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85
 Internet Hosts

180000 1989
160000 > 100,000 hosts
140000
120000
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-71

Dec-87
Dec-69

Dec-73

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-79

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85
 Internet Hosts

25000000 1990
ARPANET ceased.
20000000 AOL, CompuServe provided dial-
up service.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-77

Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

Dec-93
Dec-95
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75

Dec-79

Dec-87
Dec-89
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1991
WWW was created by
20000000 Tim Berners-Lee from CERN.
Linux was released by Linus
15000000 Torvalds.
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-77

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Dec-85

Dec-93
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1992
> 1,000,000 hosts.
20000000 MBONE was created.

15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-77

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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1993
Network Solution, Inc was
20000000 chosen to provide domain name
registration.
15000000 www.whitehouse.gov online.
# of hosts

Mosaic was created.

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-77

Dec-81
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Dec-93
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Dec-87
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1994
NSFNET was transformed to
20000000 commercial network.
Shopping mall.
15000000 Can order pizza online.
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1995
NSFNET was reverted back to
20000000 research-only network.
Realaudio started.
15000000 Netscape IPO.
# of hosts

Win95 released.
Bob Metcalfe predicted the
10000000
Internet would collapse.

5000000

0
Dec-69

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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1996
Browser war (Netscape vs. IE)
20000000 began.
tv.com sold to CNET for $15,000.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-77

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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1997
www.whitehouse.com online.
20000000 business.com sold for $150,000

15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1998
2M domain names registered.
20000000 Compaq bought altavista.com
for $3.3M.
15000000 Google founded.
# of hosts

Jon Postel (RFC-editor) died.

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1999
First online banking.
20000000 business.com sold for $7.5B
Napster released.
15000000 Al Gore invented the
# of hosts

Internet???
10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-77

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 Internet Hosts

25000000 2000
Millennium bug.
20000000 Dotcom → dotgone.
Clinton made first webcast.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

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 # of hosts

10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000

5000000

0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2001

Dec-75
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Dec-81
Wikipedia launched.
Internet Hosts

Dec-83
Dec-85
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Dec-93
Dec-95
 # of hosts

10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000

5000000

0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2002

Dec-75
Dec-77
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Dec-81
Myspace launched.
Internet Hosts

Dec-83
Dec-85
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Dec-89
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Dec-93
Dec-95
 # of hosts

10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000

5000000

0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2003

Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Facebook launched.
Internet Hosts

Dec-83
Dec-85
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Dec-93
Dec-95
 # of hosts

10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000

5000000

0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2005

Dec-75
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Internet Hosts

Dec-83
Vint Cerf joined Google.

Dec-85
Dec-87
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Dec-95
 Internet Hosts

25000000 2006
> 439M hosts.
20000000 10 new computers joined the
Internet every second.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

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INTERNET ADMINISTRATION

The Internet, with its roots primarily in the

research domain, has evolved and gained a
broader user base with significant
commercial activity. Various groups that
coordinate Internet issues have guided this
growth and development. Appendix G gives
the addresses, e-mail addresses, and
telephone numbers for some of these groups.
Figure shows the general organization of
Internet administration.
 Topics Discussed in the Section
Internet Society (ISOC)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA)
Internet Corporation for Names and Numbers
(ICANN)
Network Information Center (NIC)